Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gender Equality Plans in Slovak Universities: Between Implementation and Resistance File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10158 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10158 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10158 Author-Name: Miriam Šebová Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, Technical University of Košice, Slovakia Author-Name: Ivana Lukeš Rybanská Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business Administration, Prague University of Economics and Business, Czechia Author-Name: Tatiana Čorejová Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communications, University of Žilina, Slovakia Abstract: Gender equality initiatives in higher education face numerous challenges, from persistent meritocracy myths to gendered workload allocations and the influence of neoliberalism. Research on this topic has examined how institutions address these barriers through policy interventions such as Gender Equality Plans (GEPs), but less attention has been paid to the impact of broader political contexts on GEP implementation, particularly in cases where measures face pushback. This article analyses GEP implementation at two STEM‐oriented institutions in Slovakia operating within a national context that is broadly sceptical of such values. Drawing on institutional theory, this study examines how organizations navigate this challenging environment through a series of 19 semi‐structured interviews with administrators, researchers, and institutional representatives. The study shows that external pressure exerted with a lack of localized expertise can lead to fragmentary implementation and highlights the fact that hostile local contexts compel a greater reliance on “common sense” approaches and commitment on the part of management. The article advances our understanding of how national discourses influence GEP implementation and argues for context‐sensitive evaluative approaches with broader implications for GEP assessment practices. Keywords: Central Europe; gender equality; Gender Equality Plans; higher education; Slovakia Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Historical Perspectives on Foster Care Payments: Changing Practices During the 20th Century File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10658 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10658 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10658 Author-Name: Ann-Sofie Bergman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden Abstract: Payment of foster carers has long been a controversial issue, reflecting the question of whether fostering is a voluntary or professional activity. This article explores explanations for the change that took place during the twentieth century concerning economic compensation to foster parents for caring for other people’s children in their homes. The study is based on document analysis of the child welfare discourse and practice in Sweden. The data consists of documents selected from a municipal child welfare board, documents from the child welfare agent and child welfare assistant at the county level, and documents from national‐level sources, such as legislation and leading social work journals. Foster parents who took care of other people’s children in their homes often received some economic compensation for the care from the municipal child welfare board. In the early twentieth century, this compensation was usually greatest when caring for younger children and lower for older children. Radical changes took place during the century, however, that affected the payment system. In the 1970s, the boards instead paid the greatest compensation to foster parents who took care of teenagers. Starting in 1974, the boards also began paying a subsidy to foster parents. The article analyses explanations for these changes. In summary, the following explanatory factors are discussed: changing perceptions of childhood, changes in circumstances in which children were placed in care, urbanization, and women’s transition to paid employment. Keywords: foster care; foster children; foster parents; historical perspective; payment; social work; Sweden Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10658 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bulgarian Foster Parents and Money: Strategies, Identity Work, and Relations With the Child File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10616 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10616 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10616 Author-Name: Radostina Antonova Author-Workplace-Name: Know‐How Centre for Alternative Care for Children, New Bulgarian University, Bulgaria Author-Name: Gergana Nenova Author-Workplace-Name: Sociology Department, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski,” Bulgaria Abstract: Recent research indicates that the cost of residential care per child in Central and Eastern Europe is three to five times higher than that of foster care (UNICEF, 2024). Short‐term foster care requires an intensive initial investment, but it reduces the number of children staying for longer periods in state care and prevents longer‐term family separation. In Bulgaria, where foster care is a relatively new and loosely institutionalised phenomenon, foster parents face not only considerable structural difficulties (insecure financing, low state support, etc.) but also public accusations of using foster care children for their financial benefit. Media and popular opinion frequently describe foster parents as “treating children as ATMs.” The negative cultural image of foster parents is reinforced by the widespread distrust in child protection services, which leads to accusations that children are taken away from their biological parents so that they can provide “material” and legitimacy for the existence of foster care. The present article has two interrelated aims: first, to examine the strategies by which foster parents navigate their precarious social situation. Based on in‐depth interviews with foster parents, we observe the “identity work” of foster parents, i.e., how they reconstruct their identities in response to negative public messages and institutional constraints. Second, we aim to examine the obstacles foster parents encounter in establishing and sustaining focused, meaningful relationships with the child, and how financial issues may impede this process. Keywords: Bulgaria; deinstitutionalisation; foster care; identity work; money; structural ambivalence Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10616 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Black Entrepreneurship and DEI: Profiles and Challenges of African Descendant Entrepreneurs Within the Portuguese Ecosystem File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10153 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10153 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10153 Author-Name: Caterina Foá Author-Workplace-Name: CIES‐ISCTE, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal / Media and Journalism Institute (IMeG), Universitá della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Switzerland Abstract: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are essential for creating healthy and competitive innovation ecosystems where individuals and organisations thrive through equal access to resources and opportunities. Based on the principles of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) and the National Entrepreneurial Context Index (NECI), this article seeks to identify the personal and business profiles of African descendant entrepreneurs in Portugal and place their experiences within the understudied national ecosystem and its stakeholders. The research examines socio‐demographic patterns, entrepreneurial trajectories, and business dynamics through a mixed‐methods approach spanning three phases: stakeholder identification and netnography, an online survey of 200 entrepreneurs, and five focus groups with 40 stakeholders. Most entrepreneurs are young, educated, and driven by the desire for independence, solving community problems, and sustainable development. However, their start‐ups are typically in early stages, with limited focus on digitalisation and technological innovation, often emerging from strategies of emancipation and resilience against labour market disparities and work–life imbalance. Support received remains significantly below the national average—particularly in acceleration, incubation, and access to traditional funding—with notable disparities based on origins and gender. Structural inequalities persist and mainly affect PALOP women. Stakeholders’ DEI efforts and influence on Black entrepreneurship vary across socio‐political, market, and community ecosystem dimensions. Findings reveal gaps in entrepreneurs’ digital and business literacy and their underrepresentation in decision‐making roles within stakeholders’ bodies. Conclusions emphasise the need for greater visibility of Black entrepreneurship experiences, inclusive governance, and capacity‐building tailored to different stages of business development rather than target groups, along with stronger collaboration between entrepreneurial support organisations (ESOs). Keywords: African descendant; Black entrepreneurship; diversity; ecosystem; equality; inclusivity; labour conditions; Portugal; stakeholders Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10153 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights in the Era of Polycrisis File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/11203 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.11203 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 11203 Author-Name: Francisco Simões Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Psychological Research and Intervention, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Renato Miguel Carmo Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Bráulio Alturas Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Information Sciences, Technologies and Architecture, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Abstract: This thematic issue focuses on the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) amid a context of polycrisis. It examines how overlapping global disruptions such as the Covid‐19 pandemic or current geopolitical instability have shaped structural inequalities across Europe, including among the most vulnerable groups, challenging the European social model. This editorial emphasizes how the different articles in this issue address EPSR’s three core dimensions (equal opportunities, fair working conditions, and social protection and inclusion) in a context of growing tensions between achieving societal ambitions and the dual digital and green transition, and growing concerns over the EU’s increased investment in security and defence, which may undermine social policy commitments. The editors synthesize contributions from the issue, which offer empirical and theoretical insights into labour market activation, digital inclusion, and welfare adequacy. The editorial calls for integrated policy strategies to ensure that social rights remain central to EU governance through 2030 and beyond. Keywords: digital transition; equal opportunities; European Pillar of Social Rights; fair working conditions; green transition; social protection Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:11203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Autonomy and Human Rights Dilemmas in Supported Housing for People With Intellectual Disabilities File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10522 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10522 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10522 Author-Name: Maya Christiane Flensborg Jensen Author-Workplace-Name: The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Denmark Author-Name: Nichlas Permin Berger Author-Workplace-Name: The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Denmark Author-Name: Maria Røgeskov Author-Workplace-Name: The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Denmark Author-Name: Pernille Skovbo Rasmussen Author-Workplace-Name: The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Denmark Author-Name: Leif Olsen Author-Workplace-Name: The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Denmark Abstract: The right to individual autonomy, including the freedom to make one’s own choices, is a central tenet of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and is increasingly emphasized in policies promoting deinstitutionalization of social care services for people with intellectual disabilities. However, realizing this right in practice remains a complex challenge. Existing literature often frames social care workers (SCWs) as either hindering or enabling autonomy, but such binary perspectives obscure the everyday moral and institutional tensions that shape social care work. This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork from two supported housing facilities in Denmark to explore how SCWs experience and navigate these tensions. Using Mattingly’s concept of moral scenes, we show that the tensions involved in realizing autonomy sometimes arise from competing concerns and demands both within social care services and within the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities framework. We identify four interrelated dilemmas: the health, social inclusion, adequate standard of living, and resource dilemmas. Rather than viewing SCWs solely as facilitators or barriers to human rights realization, these dilemmas recognize SCWs’ role as situated frontline agents who navigate competing concerns within institutional constraints. Acknowledging and encouraging reflective, collective dialogue about these dilemmas may offer a critical pathway to support people with intellectual disabilities’ accessibility to human rights realization. Keywords: autonomy; care work; human rights; intellectual disability; professional dilemmas; social care workers Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: From Restrictive to Permissive Legislation: Egg Donation in Norway File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10442 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10442 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10442 Author-Name: Guro Korsnes Kristensen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Author-Name: Merete Lie Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Abstract: In 2020, following years of political debate, the Norwegian parliament passed legislation that eased restrictions on assisted reproductive technologies, including egg donation. This article examines the implications of this legislative shift in a country that had previously been characterised by highly restrictive policies on assisted reproductive technologies. The transition from a restrictive to a more permissive regulatory framework offers a unique opportunity to explore both continuity and change in cultural norms surrounding reproduction, gender, family and kinship. To investigate these dynamics, we conducted interviews with 20 women of reproductive age who were potentially eligible to donate eggs. Our aim was to explore the cultural values shaping their reflections on egg donation. Whilst political and media discourse has largely emphasised the benefits for recipients of donated eggs, feminist scholarship has drawn attention to the experiences and motivations of donors. This study contributes to the field by focusing on women who have no direct experience with egg donation and no particular expertise or personal investment in the topic. By doing so, we shed light on how broader cultural values inform individual‐level negotiations and meaning‐making around reproductive technologies. Situated within the context of a Nordic welfare state—where ideals such as social equality, gender equality and universal access to welfare services are deeply embedded—we find that the women’s attitudes towards egg donation reflect core Norwegian cultural values. At the same time, these attitudes reveal underlying tensions between competing values, suggesting potential for normative change. The decision to donate eggs emerges as a complex and ambivalent one, particularly in relation to the biological and social implications of having a genetic connection to a child born through donation. Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies; cultural values; egg donation; family; gender; Norway; social equality Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10442 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Challenges in the Transition From Apprenticeships to Higher Education in England, Germany, and Norway File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9774 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9774 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9774 Author-Name: Johannes Karl Schmees Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Education & Skills, University of Derby, UK Author-Name: Tim Migura Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Education, Vocational and Business Education, Osnabrück University, Germany Author-Name: Bill Esmond Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Education & Skills, University of Derby, UK Author-Name: Dietmar Frommberger Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Education, Vocational and Business Education, Osnabrück University, Germany Author-Name: Eli Smeplass Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Abstract: The transition from technical and vocational education and training to higher education is particularly challenging for apprenticeship graduates. These challenges are not only bureaucratic or logistical but also reflect deeper systemic inequalities. In many countries, apprenticeship routes at the upper secondary level are disproportionately chosen by disadvantaged groups in relation to class, gender, and/or race. As a result, the limited, time‐consuming, and inconsistently regulated progression pathways in place contribute to the reproduction of social inequality. This article examines how such structural barriers are embedded in three national apprenticeship models in England, Germany, and Norway, where access to apprenticeship qualifications is primarily mediated by the labour market. In England, higher‐level apprenticeship routes combine company‐based learning with part‐time participation in institutional education. In Germany, the parallel or “dual” model integrates school‐based and company‐based training, while Norway’s sequential model structures apprenticeships as successive phases in schools and workplaces. In comparing these models, we conclude that despite differences across transition routes and claims to improve permeability, the divide between vocational and academic education persists across all three systems, thereby reinforcing rather than reducing systemic inequality. Keywords: case study; comparative analysis; cross‐national; higher education; pathways; permeability; transition; TVET Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9774 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Common Measures in Gender Equality Plans at Catalan Universities from a Structural Change Approach File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10006 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10006 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10006 Author-Name: Lídia Arroyo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Author-Name: Anna Berga Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Education and Social Work, Ramon Llull University, Spain Abstract: Despite the legal framework for gender equality in science developed by the European Union, significant territorial disparity in its implementation has been identified (Caprile et al., 2022; Krzaklewska et al., 2023). The situation in Catalonia is of particular interest in light of a governance system that promotes common gender equality measures across all Catalan universities. This governance system is rooted in the 2015 Catalan Equality Law, which imposed several mandatory requirements on universities. Within this system, the Women and Science Committee (WSC) of the Inter‐University Council of Catalonia plays a key role. Our research employs qualitative and quantitative techniques to analyse the implications of common Gender Equality Plan (GEP) measures at Catalan universities. The qualitative analysis involves two steps: Our first step consists of a documentary analysis of GEPs implemented at all Catalan universities from 2006 to 2023, followed by a qualitative comparison between the first GEP and the most recent one approved. From a quantitative standpoint, we proceed with an aggregated regional data analysis of the “Women in Science” Indicators to assess the conditions and positions of women in Catalan academia between 2015–2016 and 2022–2023. On the one hand, we detected that agreements under the WSC framework are incorporated into the GEPs of Catalan universities. On the other hand, the findings capture the persistence of gender imbalance in academic positions while also showing a trend towards gender equality with some specific areas of resistance, such as in the case of single‐member decision‐making positions. Keywords: academic careers; gender balance in decision‐making; gender in teaching; Gender Equality Plans (GEPs); monitoring impact Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10006 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Transforming Organizational Culture: The First Gender Equality Plan of Akdeniz University in Turkey File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9979 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9979 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9979 Author-Name: Gülay Yılmaz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of History, Akdeniz University, Turkey Author-Name: Nurşen Adak Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, Akdeniz University, Turkey Abstract: The article aims to analyze the effects of the Equality and Diversity Action Plan and Policy of 2022–2026 (Akdeniz University Gender Equality Plan, most commonly known as AU‐GEP), prepared for the first time at Akdeniz University, on women’s inclusion processes within the university. The article first describes the institutional dynamics behind drafting the first Gender Equality Plan (GEP) of Akdeniz University. This study presents a comparative analysis of data collected before and after the GEP’s implementation, with a specific focus on 2024. Additionally, qualitative data on the implementation process and the experiences of key actors were gathered through focus group discussions with members of the Gender Equality Monitoring Commission at Akdeniz University, which was established to oversee and monitor the GEP. The analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data identifies the successes and challenges of the university’s first GEP. Furthermore, the study examines the limitations of the initial plan and proposes strategies for enhancing future gender equality initiatives within Akdeniz University’s broader diversity and inclusion framework. Keywords: diversity; Equality and Diversity Action Plan and Policy; Gender Equality Plan; organizational culture; structural change; Turkey Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9979 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Celebrating Femininity in the Public Sphere: The Workstation Arrangements of Chinese Female White‐Collar Workers File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9621 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9621 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9621 Author-Name: Jiajia Chen Author-Workplace-Name: School of Industrial Design, Nanjing University of the Arts, China Abstract: This article examines the desk items of female white‐collar workers in China, using items as an entry point to explore how they are selected and arranged to construct and convey gendered meanings. The research reveals how gendered significance is materially constructed in micro‐spaces within the workplace, highlighting the complex mechanisms by which “the desk” becomes an arena for gender political struggle. Adopting gender performativity theory from a social constructivist perspective and employing qualitative methods that combine multimodal ethnography and in‐depth interviews, I posit that desk items function not only as a reflection of compliance or resistance to gender norms but also as a means of reproducing workplace gender orders through spatial practices. This study emphasizes that, despite formal systems professing gender neutrality, material culture subtly perpetuates gender inequality through implicit symbols, compelling women to shoulder additional costs in pursuit of professional legitimacy. Moreover, the embedded resistance present within desk items affords women a micro‐narrative space where they can counteract prevailing discourses, thereby facilitating professional breakthroughs. The research also highlights the intersection of traditional and modern disciplinary mechanisms, such as the blending of Confucian ethics with the legacy of socialist women’s liberation, and the reinforcement of gender stereotypes by algorithmic recommendation systems, all of which influence the gender order in the workplace. This article offers a novel perspective on understanding gender politics in Chinese workplaces, providing both theoretical support and practical insights to promote gender equality. Keywords: China; desk items; female white‐collar workers; gender performativity; gendered meanings; workplace gender order Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Challenges of Accessibility: Finnish Substance Abuse Services Perspective File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10418 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10418 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10418 Author-Name: Heidi Vanjusov Author-Workplace-Name: Law School, University of Eastern Finland, Finland Author-Name: Kati Saurula Author-Workplace-Name: Law School, University of Eastern Finland, Finland Abstract: This empirical legal study explores the challenges to access in Finnish healthcare and social welfare services, focusing particularly on substance abuse care. Despite the guarantees of the legal framework for services based on individual needs, in practice, many clients face significant barriers. Using the combination of legal‐dogmatic analysis and qualitative analysis of the interviews of 21 substance abuse professionals, the study identifies five key dimensions of accessibility: institutional, informational, economic, physical, and experiential. The findings of the research reveal systemic problems such as fragmented service provision, regional disparities, insufficient resources, and the stigmatization of clients. These barriers often prevent individuals from receiving timely and appropriate care, undermining the realization of their legal rights. The study concludes that, while Finnish legislation supports equitable access to services, its implementation frequently falls short. The need for reforms that better align service delivery with client needs and legal obligations is evident. Keywords: accessibility; healthcare; social law; social welfare services; social welfare; substance abuse care Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10418 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Nurses, Foster Mothers, Businesswomen, and Baby‐Farmers: Market‐Based Infant Care in Pre‐WWI Australia File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10730 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10730 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10730 Author-Name: Nell Musgrove Author-Workplace-Name: National School of Arts and Humanities, Australian Catholic University, Australia Abstract: In 19th‐century Australia, there were few childcare options for mothers who needed to work. Residential institutions emerged as the colonial society’s preferred mode of placing older children, but they did not accommodate those below the age of two or three years. Thus, a private foster care market comprised of women prepared to take payment for nursing infants came to provide an essential service. Although the existence of this foster‐mother workforce was widely known, it did not attract significant public debate until the latter decades of the century. This article uses historical newspapers and the records of the government’s child welfare department in the Australian Colony of Victoria to trace the discourses invoked in debates about paid motherhood with a particular focus on the period from 1850 to 1915. It argues that by the time public alarm about private arrangements peaked in the 1890s, paid infant placements that were entirely unregulated by the state were almost non‐existent, and that by the end of this period, the government and private systems were effectively working as one. Nevertheless, moral panics about so‐called baby‐farming and infanticide helped entrench an association in social discourse between “mothering” for payment and infant exploitation, and by the early 20th century there was a general suspicion about the motives of people who wanted to be remunerated for their work and expenses as foster parents—a suspicion which lingers in the 21st century. Keywords: Australia; baby farming; child welfare history; foster care; infant nursing Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10730 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Guilty of Success and Failure: Permeability Struggles of Unsuccessful Upper Secondary VET Examinees in the Czech Republic File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9785 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9785 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9785 Author-Name: Petr Novotný Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czechia Author-Name: Katarína Rozvadská Author-Workplace-Name: Liverpool John Moores University, UK Author-Name: Martin Majcík Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czechia Abstract: This article examines upper secondary vocational education students who have failed the exit examination (Matura) at least twice. Repeated failure leaves such students with only a basic education certification, restricting their access to higher education and limiting their labour market prospects. Although most of these young people wish to make another attempt to pass the Matura, they have lost their formal student status, along with its associated benefits, and most are compelled to seek employment. Academic failure, particularly at these critical transition points, can have profound implications on students’ educational and professional trajectories and their identities. The research question we posed here, therefore, is: How do the identities of upper secondary vocational education Matura examinees evolve during the two years after they fail the final examination? The data corpus for this study consists of biographical interviews with 46 informants who failed the Matura. The data analysis reveals that they struggled to anchor their identities through study, work, or family, with some exploiting non‐systemic permeability mechanisms. Keywords: anchoring struggles; feelings of failure; identity struggles; Matura; permeability; upper secondary exit examination; vocational education Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9785 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A System Stretched Beyond Its Elastic Limits: The South African Foster Care Grant System File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10649 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10649 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10649 Author-Name: Sipho Sibanda Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work and Social Policy, The University of Western Australia, Australia / Department of Sociology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Abstract: Foster care placements are temporary care arrangements for children removed from their biological families due to a plethora of reasons. The social worker investigates the circumstances of the child and then compiles a report to the presiding officer of the children’s court recommending that a child be placed in foster care. Upon placement in foster care, the foster parent then qualifies to receive a foster care grant on behalf of the child. Foster care grants are meant to assist families in the upkeep of children placed in their care. The number of children in foster care in South Africa continues to grow, which has resulted in the foster care grant system being overwhelmed and the caseloads of social workers becoming extremely high. This raises concerns about the feasibility and appropriateness of foster care grants as a vehicle for providing income to children in foster care. This qualitative desktop review explores the South African foster care grant system, and highlights challenges faced by the system, and the reasons that contributed to the challenges, such as the lapsing of foster care orders, which led to the discontinuance of foster care grants. Moreover, the use of money from foster care grants and their contribution in providing income support to families and children is highlighted. In addition, the shortcomings and unsustainability of foster care grants and their perpetuation of dependency syndrome are explored. Recommendations for the proper use of foster care grants and for addressing the foster care grant crisis in South Africa are outlined. Keywords: child protection; foster care grants; poverty alleviation; social assistance; South Africa Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10649 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Professionalisation of Foster Care in Norway File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10604 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10604 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10604 Author-Name: Renee Thørnblad Author-Workplace-Name: RKBU North, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway Author-Name: Jeanette Skoglund Author-Workplace-Name: RKBU North, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway Abstract: In Norway, as elsewhere, child welfare services have long prioritised placing children in foster homes over residential care when children cannot live with their parents, to ensure upbringing in family settings. Today, it is also stated in the law that child welfare services must always consider whether anyone in the child’s family or close network could be chosen as foster parents. The idea has been that kinship foster care can safeguard the child’s cultural identity, continuity in social networks, and family connections. Parallel with the prioritisation of foster care and kinship foster care, foster care has become increasingly professionalised. In the Norwegian context, the possible unintended consequences of increased professionalisation have been minimally addressed. This article aims to contribute to vitalising this discussion about some of the unintended consequences professionalisation may have for safeguarding the values associated with foster care in general, and particularly for kinship foster care. For our discussion, focusing particularly on economic conditions, we draw on both our own and others’ research related to foster care. Using concepts from sociological theory on different rationalities or logics as a basis for action, we illustrate and discuss how instrumental rationality and the field logic of child welfare have increasingly influenced the conditions for foster homes. Keywords: child welfare services; foster care; kinship foster care; payment; professionalisation; reimbursement Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10604 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Who Deserves to Reproduce? Latvian State Support for Infertility and Moral Considerations File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10403 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10403 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10403 Author-Name: Diāna Kiščenko Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Rīga Stradiņš University, Latvia Abstract: This article examines how access to state‐funded infertility treatment in Latvia is regulated and morally framed. The analysis draws on state regulatory documents concerning sexual and reproductive health in Latvia, as well as six semi‐structured interviews with Latvian politicians and reproductive health specialists. The findings reveal that eligibility for treatment is not based solely on biomedical criteria but is also shaped by normative assumptions about gender roles and moral worth. A dominant heteronormative framework positions women as central to reproduction, while men are often marginalised or excluded from state support. Furthermore, infertility treatment is described as a form of economic investment by the state, with an implicit expectation of demographic return. Importantly, reproductive health specialists and politicians do not present reproduction as a neutral or purely biological process, but rather frame it in moral terms, suggesting that there are specific, morally acceptable forms of reproduction. Keywords: gender; heteronormativity; infertility; Latvia; morality; policy Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10403 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Great Eggspectations: Narratives of Elective Oocyte Cryopreservation in Canadian Medical Journals File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10435 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10435 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10435 Author-Name: Emily Michaud Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Canada Author-Name: Robin Oakley Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, Dalhousie University, Canada Abstract: Also called oocyte cryopreservation or oocyte banking, “egg freezing” is an assisted reproductive procedure that allows people with ovaries to preserve oocytes for use in the future. “Medical egg freezing” has become established as a procedure for patients undergoing gonadotoxic chemotherapy or gynaecological surgery. In contrast, “social egg freezing” (SEF) is undertaken by patients with no current fertility issues in anticipation that they will be delaying childbearing. There is a sense that demand for SEF is growing, and it has been a rich case study for sociologists through lenses including medicalization theory, the nuclear family, intensive mothering, neoliberalism, ableism, and eugenics. Research presented in medical journals, recommendations made by clinical guidelines, and commentary and opinion pieces both reflect and shape the acceptability and availability of reproductive technologies. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore narratives of SEF in Canadian medical journals and how these might shape medical perceptions of SEF. A qualitative, inductive content analysis of eight Canadian medical journal articles discussing SEF revealed key themes of “uncertainty,” “ethical conflict,” “age‐related fertility decline,” “extending fertility,” and “technological advancement.” A key finding of this study was that the boundaries between medical and social justifications for SEF are becoming blurred. On one hand, authors reframed SEF as a medical procedure indicated to manage age‐related fertility decline (which is pathologized). On the other hand, authors upheld SEF as a potential solution to broad social problems, including delayed parenthood. Keywords: Canada; content analysis; medical journals; medicine; social egg freezing Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10435 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Trust‐Affording Action: Citizens’ Everyday Relations With Algorithmized Public Services File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10001 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10001 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10001 Author-Name: Antti Rannisto Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Finland Author-Name: Fanny Vainionpää Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Finland Abstract: Finland is considered a society of high trust. Finnish citizens’ trust in public administration and institutions is clearly above the OECD average, and there is broad consensus on the virtues of maintaining high societal trust. As high‐trust public institutions are now turning to new efficiency‐promising AI technologies, it is important to ask: “How are these [technologies] then capable of upholding that trust?” This question is a direct quote from our fieldwork following Finnish citizens’ everyday trust‐building with new AI‐infused services. Based on a trust‐focused reading of our qualitative data, we propose an approach to trust that affords greater empirical nuance than alternative conceptions, which we see as limited for following the evolving dynamics of citizens’ trust in new technologies. The approach we are developing situates trust within a processual conception of action and highlights the need to also grasp the “quieter”—embodied, habitualized, and intuitive—forms of trust as part of its living dynamic. We then apply this approach to examine the adoption of the Finnish Covid‐19 tracing application and citizens’ perceptions of algorithmically infused services provided by Finland’s social insurance institution. We highlight creative tactics that citizens use to establish trust: the agent heuristic, the case heuristic, the social heuristic, and the interaction heuristic. Our research contributes to a nuanced understanding of trust and its situated dynamics from the citizen perspective, a focus we consider crucial at a time of unprecedented excitement around the transformation of high‐trust institutions through algorithmic technologies. Keywords: artificial intelligence; citizens; public services; trust; trust in AI; trust in technology Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10001 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Algorithmic Decision‐Making and Harmonization in Multi‐Level Governance Welfare Practices: Empirical Evidence From Belgium File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10289 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10289 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10289 Author-Name: Janne Petroons Author-Workplace-Name: ReSPOND, KU Leuven, Belgium / Centre for IT & IP Law (CiTiP), KU Leuven, Belgium Author-Name: Périne Brotcorne Author-Workplace-Name: Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Travail, État et Société, UCLouvain, Belgium Author-Name: Martin Wagener Author-Workplace-Name: Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Travail, État et Société, UCLouvain, Belgium Author-Name: Koen Hermans Author-Workplace-Name: ReSPOND, KU Leuven, Belgium / LUCAS—Centre for Care Research & Consultancy, KU Leuven, Belgium Author-Name: Wim Van Lancker Author-Workplace-Name: ReSPOND, KU Leuven, Belgium Abstract: Algorithmic decision‐making (ADM) is increasingly used by public organizations to allocate social benefits. However, it remains unclear whether ADM leads to more harmonized decisions, especially in multi‐level governance contexts like Belgium. Therefore, we ask whether, and to what extent, ADM is linked to the harmonization of welfare decisions across local social agencies. More specifically, we analyze decisions related to additional financial support in terms of (a) the likelihood of granting monthly financial support compared to other types of support, and (b) the amount of monthly support granted. In doing so, we focus on REDI, a digital rule‐based algorithmic system designed to assess families’ financial needs in Belgium. We draw on an online survey with respondents from 344 public centers for social welfare (PCSW), 40 interviews with respondents from 20 PCSWs, and policy guidelines from 86 PCSWs. Our findings demonstrate that the adoption of REDI can be linked to harmonization, yet only regarding the form and height of support, with users being more inclined to grant support monthly and provide a higher amount. Nonetheless, variance in welfare decisions persists, indicating a half‐hearted harmonization. With both financial and normative considerations at the local level playing a significant role in how the ADM system is shaped and implemented, this study highlights the importance of examining the organizational and political context in which ADM systems are deployed to understand their influence on welfare decisions. Keywords: algorithmic decision‐making; harmonization; policy implementation; social assistance; social welfare; standardization; street‐level bureaucracy Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10289 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ethical Implications of AI‐Driven Chatbots in Domestic Violence Support File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9998 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9998 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9998 Author-Name: Hanna Mielismäki Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland Author-Name: Marita Husso Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland Abstract: Our study explored the opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations of using artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven chatbots in domestic violence (DV) support. DV is a serious public health and social problem. Identifying it as early as possible is important in violence prevention. However, victim‐survivors of DV are often reluctant to disclose violence, and service practitioners may lack the capacity or confidence to address violence‐related issues. To tackle these challenges, the use of AI‐driven chatbots presents opportunities to address DV by providing information and guiding users to appropriate services. However, interactions between humans and AI systems lie at the intersection of the human need for practical assistance and the risks inherent in digital communication—raising ethical considerations, particularly in the vulnerable context of DV. Semi‐structured interviews with 25 victim‐survivors, DV professionals, and criminal justice experts suggest that while the implementation of AI‐driven chatbots can greatly enhance access to information, it also poses significant challenges related to safety and accountability. This is because interactions with chatbots lack essential elements for comprehensive situational assessment and documentation of DV cases, and for the establishment of a support network. These insights underscore the critical role of human interaction in addressing DV cases, while also highlighting the potential roles of chatbots as intermediate support systems for victim‐survivors and as supplementary tools for welfare service practitioners in identifying different forms of DV and supporting the appropriate referral of cases. This study advances understanding of how AI‐driven chatbots can be ethically and sustainably implemented in DV support systems. Keywords: AI chatbots; digital ethics; domestic violence; gender‐based violence; help‐seeking; human‐technology interaction; responsible AI; sustainability; technology‐facilitated abuse; welfare services Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9998 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Fostering Socially and Ecologically Sustainable Digitalisation of Welfare States File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10937 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10937 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10937 Author-Name: Paula Saikkonen Author-Workplace-Name: Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Finland Author-Name: Marta Choroszewicz Author-Workplace-Name: University of Eastern Finland, Finland Abstract: This thematic issue discusses how AI and digital technologies often overlook vulnerable citizens and reinforce inequalities. Articles highlight challenges like digital exclusion, excessive reliance on individual agency, and declining institutional trust. Socially sustainable digitalisation must ensure equitable access, offer in‐person alternatives when needed, and uphold legitimacy. Often neglected ecological concerns must also be addressed through responsible data use and energy‐conscious ICT systems. Achieving sustainability requires coherent policies that embed sustainability principles into welfare technology. Interdisciplinary research, citizen involvement, and empowering citizens are essential for a truly sustainable welfare state. Keywords: artificial intelligence; digitalisation; social sustainability; trust; welfare system Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10937 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Long Road for Vulnerable Jobseekers Transitioning to Green and Socially Sustainable Employment File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10573 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10573 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10573 Author-Name: Carla Valadas Author-Workplace-Name: CEIS20, University of Coimbra, Portugal / ESECS‐IPL, Portugal Abstract: Although the role of education, training, and life‐long learning has become widely recognised in EU social policy, not all EU citizens have had the opportunity to maintain or acquire the skills necessary for full participation in society and success in the labour market. This article examines interventions specifically designed to support vulnerable unemployed individuals for (re)entering and succeeding in the labour market. It presents a qualitative, case‐specific study of training programmes implemented by a local unit of the Public Employment Service (PES) in a Southern European country. Portugal serves as a compelling case for examining how and why the effort to equip under‐skilled and underqualified citizens with (new) skills remains challenging. Our theoretical framework builds on historical institutionalism to identify the enduring limitations of Portuguese active labour market policies, as well as other institutional and actor‐related constraints that hinder unemployed individuals from navigating the challenges of an increasingly complex and diverse labour market. To explore these dynamics empirically, we conducted a thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders—including PES staff, training providers, and unemployed participants—focusing on their perceptions, experiences, and interpretations of training programmes and their implementation. Additionally, we used supplementary sources such as official documents related to training and other labour market policies, as well as relevant statistical data, to contextualize and triangulate our findings. The findings demonstrate that institutional weaknesses, combined with the shortcomings of training programmes, fail to accommodate the specific needs and conditions of vulnerable unemployed individuals, leaving them without the skills necessary to secure stable employment and to respond effectively to the challenges posed by the ecological and digital transitions. Keywords: active labour market policies; European pillar of social rights; green transition; Portugal; skills; social investment; training programmes; vulnerable unemployed Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Navigating Independence: Minimum Income Schemes and Youth Transitions in Southern European Welfare States File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10147 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10147 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10147 Author-Name: Matilde Cittadini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science and Public Law, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Author-Name: Adriana Offredi R. Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science and Public Law, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Abstract: This article examines the interplay between decommodification and defamilisation within minimum income schemes (MIS) in two Southern European countries: Spain and Italy. While decommodification highlights the degree to which individuals can sustain a socially acceptable standard of living independently of market participation, defamilisation emphasises the extent to which individuals can achieve autonomy and well‐being independently of support from their families. Both concepts are critical in understanding youth transitions to adulthood in societies where living with one’s parents until one’s thirties and delayed family formation are prevalent. In Southern Europe, where the average age of leaving the parental household is significantly higher than the European average, the family functions as a filter of conditionality, mediating access to social protection and reinforcing intergenerational dependencies. Our research investigates how the design and implementation of MIS shape the ability of young people to achieve financial independence and self‐sufficiency, particularly during critical life transitions. Young individuals in these contexts face heightened exposure to socioeconomic risks, delayed independence, and limited access to adequate social protection. Using a qualitative approach, we analyse 21 biographical interviews with young people across the two countries who are beneficiaries of the benefit, have applied for it, or have been refused it. This enables us to examine how MIS frameworks influence young people’s independence, perpetuate intergenerational imbalances, and exacerbate age‐related vulnerabilities. Using defamilisation as a lens, we provide new insights into how social policy interacts with familial structures, shaping the trajectories and experiences of Southern European youth. Keywords: autonomy; decommodification; defamilisation; independence; minimum income protection; Southern European welfare states; youth transitions Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Managers’ Meeting Discussions on Accessibility Problems in Social Services: Decision‐Making Through Aligning and Misaligning File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10299 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10299 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10299 Author-Name: Heidi Kantsila-Korhonen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland Abstract: The accessibility of health and social services is particularly important for people in vulnerable positions. Knowledge on accessibility from the social service managers’ perspective is still scarce, although they play a key role in creating structures, policies, working practices, and cultures that promote accessibility. This article explores social service managers’ problem talk regarding service accessibility problems and the expressions of alignment or misalignment therein. Based on content analysis and interaction research methods of 19 recorded adult social service manager teams’ meetings, this article provides knowledge on how, amid service system reform, managers’ problem talk and cooperation mould service accessibility. According to the results, during the service system reform’s first year, managers encountered accessibility problems related to (a) structures and resources, (b) information and knowledge, and (c) factors concerning individuals. The results also indicate that managers’ roles and interactions are central to promoting service accessibility. In conclusion, accessibility appears key in producing ethically sustainable adult social services that genuinely promote human rights, social justice, and social integration. Keywords: accessibility; alignment; institutional interaction; social service management; social services; social work Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Egg Donation in Germany: The Legal System’s Approach to Women’s Reproductive Autonomy File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10427 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10427 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10427 Author-Name: Henrike von Scheliha Author-Workplace-Name: Bucerius Law School, Germany Abstract: Currently, egg donation is banned in Germany and punishable by law. This criminal ban infringes on the autonomy of egg donors and egg recipients, particularly affecting women or other people who were assigned female at birth in their reproductive freedoms. Furthermore, this results in the regulation and control of female reproduction to a greater extent than male reproduction. In doing so, it manifests an outdated view of women and family that no longer reflects reality. When a woman offers up her body to fulfill someone else’s desire for children, it raises fundamental questions about parenthood, child welfare, exploitation, and self‐determination. While the commodification and abuse of women is criticized, there are also calls to respect women’s freedom to decide about their own bodies. A feminist and intersectional discussion is necessary to examine all aspects from different perspectives. The focus should be on the importance of reproductive self‐determination, which includes the right to freely decide whether and under what conditions to have children and the right to freely decide to support others in their desire to have children. However, this self‐determination cannot be considered separately from social and economic inequalities, which must also be addressed. The article will focus on Germany and German legislation. It will conclude that criminal law is the ultima ratio, that the protection of the affected rights of the egg donor or the child does not require a criminal ban and that other regulations are conceivable and sufficient to prevent exploitation and abuse; there is no reason to deny a woman autonomy over her own body. The current regulations reduce the affected women to a state of vulnerability. Keywords: autonomy; best interests of the child; criminal ban; egg donation; German legalisation; infertility; medically assisted reproduction; perception of women; reproductive failure; split motherhood Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10427 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: “No One Sends You Flowers”: Social Norms and Patients’ Emotional Journey Within Fertility Treatment File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10421 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10421 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10421 Author-Name: Julia Böcker Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Sociology and Cultural Organisation, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Germany Author-Name: Nina Jakoby Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology and Faculty of Law, University of Zurich, Switzerland Abstract: Patients undergoing fertility treatment, such as IVF, experience a range of emotions—hope, disappointment, grief, anxiety, jealousy, guilt, and anger. Through a sociology of emotions lens, we trace the emotional journey of patients in fertility treatment in Switzerland to understand subjects’ experiences with medically assisted reproduction (MAR), and to highlight how societal and cultural norms and expectations shape the way they use and emotionally manage (failed) fertility treatments. The theoretical background is grounded in the notion of feeling rules (Hochschild, 1983) and associated concepts such as disenfranchised grief (Doka, 2002). Methodologically, the article is based on a qualitative interview study conducted with affected women in Switzerland (LoMAR) and a quantitative analysis of the first wave of CHARLS, a nationwide longitudinal study. Linking qualitative and quantitative data allows us to show the significance of occurring emotions as well as a deeper understanding of particularly strong emotions felt during (failed) treatment cycles that the research participants have disclosed in the interviews. Further, we argue that fertility treatment itself contributes to producing what we call “layers of loss,” a cumulation of multiple losses experienced. Keywords: emotion; feeling rules; grief; infertility; IVF; medically assisted reproduction; narrative interviews; reproductive failure; reproductive loss Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10421 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Breaking Barriers? Social Inequality in Pathways to Higher Education Between General and Vocational Schools in Germany File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9776 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9776 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9776 Author-Name: Oliver Winkler Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Germany / Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Germany Author-Name: Robin Busse Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Human Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany Author-Name: Stefanie Findeisen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Konstanz, Germany Abstract: Pathways to higher education through vocational upper secondary schools (VUSSs) are intended to increase permeability. However, in both VUSSs and general upper secondary schools (GUSSs), participation is socially selective. This article examined differences between GUSS and VUSS students in (a) the attainment of a higher education entrance qualification (HEEQ) and (b) the subsequent transition to higher education. Taking entry selectivity into account, we analysed the extent to which inequalities between GUSS and VUSS in both outcomes could be explained by differences in school achievement and educational considerations—namely, cost–benefit perceptions, expected success, and status maintenance motives. Using data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS; Starting Cohort 4), we selected a sample of individuals who entered upper secondary education in either VUSS or GUSS (? = 5032). Two binary dependent variables were used to indicate (a) the successful attainment of an HEEQ and (b) the subsequent transition to higher education (as opposed to vocational education and training). The results from logit models indicated that VUSS students were significantly less likely to obtain an HEEQ and progress to higher education. This association was smaller but still persistent when controlling for entry selection, school achievement, and educational considerations (AMEHEEQ = −0.047, AMEtransition = −0.150). However, when intake selection was considered in the logit models, school achievement and educational considerations during upper secondary education were insignificant in explaining why VUSS students were less likely than GUSS students to obtain an HEEQ and enter higher education. Keywords: benefits of education; costs of education; higher education entrance qualification; school achievement; social origin; status maintenance; transition to university; upper secondary education; vocational education; permeability Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9776 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Women Sewing in Chinese Prisons: Prison Adaptation Influenced by Vocational Training Program File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9503 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9503 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9503 Author-Name: Yilan Wu Author-Workplace-Name: Anhui Vocational College of Police Officers, China Author-Name: Yujian Bi Author-Workplace-Name: Criminal Justice College, East China University of Political Science and Law, China Author-Name: Hao Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: School of Emergency Technology, Zhejiang College of Security Technology, China Abstract: Our study investigates the relationship between participation in prison vocational training programs and inmates’ adaptation to incarceration in a Chinese female prison, with a specific focus on the most common program in this setting—the sewing program. Drawing on survey data from 492 incarcerated women, we employed an OLS regression model to examine how participation in the sewing program relates to prison adaptation, controlling for prison‐specific factors and personal/social characteristics. Contrary to expectations, sewing program participation was significantly associated with lower levels of adaptation. In contrast, the mental health score emerged as the strongest positive predictor. These findings suggest that such vocational training programs may not necessarily facilitate inmates’ adjustment, and highlight the importance of psychological well‐being in the rehabilitative process. The study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of prison vocational training programs and has implications for the design of gender‐responsive correctional policies. Keywords: China; mental health; prison adaptation; sewing program; vocational training program; women’s prison Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9503 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Negotiating the Accessibility of Help: Signposting and Boundary Work in Social Services’ Online Interactions File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10465 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10465 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10465 Author-Name: Nataliya Thell Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Work, Lund University, Sweden Abstract: Easy, low‐threshold access is widely regarded as a major advantage of online services. In Sweden, several municipalities are striving to increase the accessibility of their social services by responding to anonymous users online. This article considers the nature of the accessibility of these online services. Two online platforms were studied: (quasi‐)synchronous online chats and asynchronous online enquiry forms. Online chat logs and question form exchanges were closely analysed using conversation analysis. Accessibility of online services was approached through the concept of boundary work, focusing on how social workers navigate the constraints of what they can and cannot do when responding to anonymous users online. The analysis revealed that users seeking personalised advice or requesting immediate interventions were redirected to instead contact the local social services in person. When directing users to seek help elsewhere, social workers invoked constraints in their online role to account for not providing the requested help. The study’s findings are discussed in terms of the unmet expectations of online users due to limitations in the remit of online social workers. Although online facilities made social workers technically accessible, the range of services available online was limited to providing information and general guidance. Keywords: accessibility; conversation analysis; institutional boundaries; online interaction; organisational remit; signposting; social services Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Exchange, Accessibility, and Trust: Interpreters’ Perspectives of Inclusion in Chinese Welfare Factories (1950s–1990s) File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10389 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10389 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10389 Author-Name: Jiahui Huang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University, China Author-Name: Xiao Zhao Author-Workplace-Name: College of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Xiamen University, China Abstract: This article examines the social inclusion process of early‐generation deaf workers in Chinese welfare factories (1950s–1990s) from the perspective of sign language interpreters. Drawing on oral history interviews with ten interpreters and social exchange theory, the analysis identifies three analytically distinct but sequential phases of social inclusion—initiating trust, reverse inclusion, and social inclusion—each centered on the interplay between accessibility and trust‐building and distinguished by patterns of hedonic value, activity, and referent. The initiating trust phase reveals how interpreters shifted from negative perceptions and inaction to positive engagement, fostering linguistic accessibility and affect‐based trust as they recognized deaf workers’ competence beyond linguistic barriers. Both reverse inclusion and social inclusion are marked by positive hedonic value and high activity, but differ in their primary referents, or agents of action. In reverse inclusion, deaf workers welcome interpreters into the community, deepening linguistic and cultural accessibility and fostering affect‐based trust that surpasses competence‐based trust. They further exercise their agency by petitioning factory leadership to appoint these trusted colleagues as official interpreters. In the social inclusion phase, interpreters use their agency to advance inclusion beyond the factory; the accumulated affect‐, commitment‐, and competence‐based trust from deaf workers empowers interpreters to bridge systemic inaccessibilities outside the factory. Our findings underscore accessibility as both the cornerstone and Achilles’ heel of social inclusion: It emerges as a product of social exchanges and as an enabler of trust at each phase, yet when welfare policies and institutions provide only physical, without linguistic and cultural, access, genuine social inclusion remains impossible. Keywords: accessibility; China; deaf workers; integration; oral history interview; sign language interpreters; social exchange theory; social inclusion; trust; welfare factories Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10389 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Lesbian Couples’ Assisted Reproductive Technologies Trajectories in Switzerland and Abroad: Navigating Heteronormative Norms and Healthcare Disparities File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10362 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10362 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10362 Author-Name: Caroline Chautems Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Gender Studies, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Author-Name: Mica Palaz Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Gender Studies, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Author-Name: Marta Roca i Escoda Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Gender Studies, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Abstract: On July 1, 2022, marriage became legal for same‐gender couples in Switzerland, granting married lesbian couples access to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and recognition of co‐maternity from birth. Before this change, lesbian couples had to resort to reproductive travel to access ART abroad. Yet, significant barriers remain. Restrictive Swiss regulations continue to prohibit certain technologies, such as egg donation (i.e., reception of oocytes from a partner), even for married couples. Legal constraints are further compounded by financial inequities: Unlike heterosexual couples, lesbian couples are excluded from insurance coverage for ART because they do not meet the medical definition of infertility. Additionally, Swiss childbirth and parenting culture are deeply heteronormative, and healthcare providers—including fertility clinics—are ill‐prepared to welcome lesbian couples. As a result, some couples will continue to turn to reproductive travel, with Swiss health providers involved in their medical care trajectories before and after insemination abroad. Drawing on interviews with Swiss lesbian couples who pursued ART abroad, this article examines their experiences with reproductive travel. How did they access information to select a country and a clinic? And how did they navigate the constraints of reproductive travel alongside work, family, and social obligations? Using a reproductive justice framework, this article analyzes how recent legal changes fall short of ensuring equitable access to parenthood for same‐gender couples. It highlights enduring structural inequalities embedded in ART regulations, which intersect with socio‐economic norms and disparities in access to medical treatment. Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies; heteronormativity; minority stress; queer reproduction; reproductive justice; reproductive travel; Switzerland Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Foster Care on the Market: Swedish Independent Foster Care Agencies in an International Context File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10368 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10368 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10368 Author-Name: Evelina Fridell Lif Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden Author-Name: Tommy Lundström Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden Author-Name: David Pålsson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden Author-Name: Marie Sallnäs Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden Author-Name: Emelie Shanks Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, Sweden Abstract: In recent decades, a new type of organisation—independent foster care agencies (IFAs)—has emerged in Sweden and other countries. These organisations operate outside the public sector, marking a significant shift in how foster care is provided. The presence of IFAs signifies the establishment of a foster care market, where responsibilities once managed by child welfare authorities are now outsourced. In this article, the position of IFAs in the Swedish foster care market is analysed. IFAs are viewed as intermediaries facilitating the provision of foster homes and often providing support to foster families. As IFAs primarily operate as for‐profit entities, they are analysed within the context of market dynamics and financial considerations in child welfare. The study is based on data from the state inspectorate, including a register of IFAs, framework agreements outlining the requirements for IFAs, and a national survey on IFAs, which includes social workers’ assessments of quality and costs. In Sweden, there were around 400 IFAs in 2024, ranging from large care corporations to small companies, frequently used by child welfare services. As for the services provided by IFAs, professionals hold mixed views, with some questioning their value for money. IFAs are an international phenomenon, and they have faced criticism for generating large profits from foster care services. The entrance of IFAs represents a form of radicalisation of the “love or money” dichotomy that has been a recurring theme in the foster care field. Keywords: child welfare; foster care; independent foster care agencies; privatization Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10368 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Normative Boundaries Limiting Accessibility to Social Work for Queer People with a Refugee Background File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10453 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10453 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10453 Author-Name: Ilo Söderström Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland Abstract: This article discusses the accessibility of social work from the viewpoints of queer people with a refugee background in Finland. It analyzes how intersecting norms create boundaries that limit accessibility to social work. Earlier research on social work with queer populations is scarce, especially in the Nordic context. This article aims to fill this gap. The data consist of qualitative interviews with queer people with a refugee background and with social workers carried out in Finland in 2019–2020 and are analyzed with thematic analysis. The theoretical approach follows critical social work research, queer studies, and decolonizing studies. The results suggest that accessibility to social work in reception centers and immigrant social services is shaped by heteronormativity and white normative neoliberalism. The normative boundaries become visible as silences, stereotypes, queer blindfolding, a sense of rush, a sense of distance, and a sense of alienation. The results suggest that anti‐oppressive practice is crucial in providing accessible social work to queer people with a refugee background. This calls for structural changes in social work education and neoliberal social work institutions. Keywords: accessibility; boundaries; heteronormativity; neoliberalism; queer; refugees; social work; white normativity Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10453 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Disparities Across Different Stages of Medical Help‐Seeking to Have a Child in Germany File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10420 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10420 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10420 Author-Name: Jasmin Passet-Wittig Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute for Population Research, Germany Author-Name: Arthur L. Greil Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Social Sciences, Alfred University, USA Author-Name: Julia McQuillan Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, University of Lincoln‐Nebraska, USA Author-Name: Martin Bujard Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute for Population Research, Germany Abstract: Delayed childbearing has led more individuals and couples to seek medical help for conception in many European countries. In accordance with a stratified reproduction perspective, there is evidence of social disparities concerning who seeks medical help to become pregnant. However, it remains unclear whether and how disparities vary across different stages of the help‐seeking process. This article provides novel evidence on the degree of disparities and associated factors involved in the process of medical help‐seeking to have a child by stage, distinguishing between consulting a doctor, receiving medication, and getting more advanced treatments such as in vitro fertilization. Using wave 1 of the German Family Demographic Panel Study (FReDA), a novel and large data source, we examine women and men aged 18–50 using partial proportional odds models. Women reported a higher lifetime prevalence of help‐seeking (12.3%) than men (8.0%), primarily due to greater use of medication. We found that two of four indicators of social stratification were associated with help‐seeking (income and marital status, but not education and migration background). Women and men with higher household income and those who were married were more likely to seek medical help. Less‐intensive infertility treatment is free, but advanced treatments are expensive, and only married couples are eligible for partial reimbursement. We had therefore expected to find stronger associations for both variables for advanced treatments, which was not the case. This suggests that, even though financial considerations were important, selection into treatment may also be related to other factors, including cultural and knowledge‐based factors. Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies (ART); FReDA survey; Germany; infertility help‐seeking; medically assisted reproduction (MAR); social inequalities Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Youth Life Chances and the Implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights in Lithuania File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10165 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10165 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10165 Author-Name: Rūta Brazienė Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Policy, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Lithuania Author-Name: Sonata Vyšniauskienė Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Policy, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, Lithuania Abstract: This article examines the subjective perceptions of life chances among Lithuanian youth (aged 18–35) within the framework of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR). It explores key dimensions such as education and employment opportunities, housing conditions, financial independence, and overall well‐being. The research builds on Weber’s (1994) concept of life chances and integrates theoretical perspectives from life course theory, employment security, socioeconomic stratification, and intergenerational mobility. Using data from a nationally representative 2023 survey (? = 1209), we construct life chances indexes to assess variations across sociodemographic groups, including differences in age, gender, education, regional disparities, and employment status. The findings reveal significant inequalities in youth life opportunities, highlighting the impact of economic stability, family background, and institutional support. While financial security and stable employment emerge as central concerns, the study also shows that political and geopolitical factors play a less significant role in young people’s perceptions of their prospects. These insights contribute to ongoing discussions on social inequality and stratification, as well as youth policy, and offer recommendations for enhancing the implementation of the EPSR at national and regional levels. By identifying key determinants of youth life chances, the study informs policies aimed at reducing social inequalities, improving access to education and employment, and fostering economic and social inclusion. Keywords: life chances; life opportunities; Lithuania; social inequalities; youth; youth inequality Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10165 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Resilience of Socially Vulnerable Populations to Disinformation in Lithuania: The Role of the Welfare State File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10100 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10100 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10100 Author-Name: Daiva Skučienė Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Policy, Vilnius University, Lithuania Author-Name: Rūta Brazienė Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Policy, Vilnius University, Lithuania Author-Name: Tautvydas Vencius Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Policy, Vilnius University, Lithuania Abstract: The geopolitical context, particularly the ongoing war in Ukraine, underscores the necessity for societal preparedness and resilience against disinformation in Lithuania. This issue is especially important for the Baltic countries, which experience substantial disinformation flows from the Russian Federation. This study aims to investigate the resilience of socially vulnerable people in Lithuania to disinformation, with a specific focus on the role of the welfare state. A representative survey was conducted among the Lithuanian population in 2024 to achieve this aim. The data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Resilience to disinformation was measured through statements reflecting the dominant narratives of Russian disinformation. Independent variables included respondents’ labor market status, age, income, education, and subjective evaluation of their living standards, providing a comprehensive framework for assessing social vulnerability. The findings reveal that socially vulnerable populations, particularly those with lower socioeconomic status and limited educational attainment, exhibit lower levels of resilience to disinformation. Furthermore, the role of the Lithuanian welfare state in mitigating these vulnerabilities and protecting against poverty appears inadequate. Keywords: disinformation; hybrid threats; Lithuania; resilience; vulnerable population; welfare state Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Simulating the Impact of Employment Growth on Poverty: Implications for the European Social Targets File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9903 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9903 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9903 Author-Name: Sümeyra Akarçeşme Author-Workplace-Name: Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium Author-Name: Bea Cantillon Author-Workplace-Name: Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium Author-Name: András Gábos Author-Workplace-Name: TÁRKI Social Research Institute, Hungary Author-Name: Brian Nolan Author-Workplace-Name: Nuffield College, University of Oxford Author-Name: István György Tóth Author-Workplace-Name: TÁRKI Social Research Institute, Hungary Abstract: The European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan sets ambitious targets to be achieved by 2030, including reducing the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE) by 15 million and raising the employment rate to 78% among the working‐age population. This article investigates the extent to which employment growth to the level of the 2030 employment rate target can deliver on the EU’s 2030 social target. Departing from key theoretical perspectives, we explore five mediating mechanisms that shape the relationship between employment and poverty, including job distribution across households, job quality, and social protection effectiveness. Our twofold analytical strategy first assesses past trends between employment and poverty indicators and then employs shift‐share and regression‐based simulations to estimate how different employment growth scenarios may affect the active‐age population’s at‐risk‐of‐poverty (AROP(a)) and the total population’s at‐risk‐of‐poverty and social exclusion (AROPE) outcomes by 2030. The analysis confirms that employment growth, though it has a strong effect on poverty, is unlikely to deliver the EU’s poverty reduction target without further policy intervention. The full potential of employment growth to reduce poverty depends on, among other things, the distribution of jobs across households. While the EU has long promoted employment as the cornerstone of social inclusion, this article underscores the limits of such employment‐focused poverty reduction strategies in the absence of supporting institutional configurations. Policy recommendations align with the European Pillar of Social Rights and call for coordinated action across employment, wage setting, and social protection domains. Keywords: employment; European Pillar of Social Rights; European social agenda; poverty Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9903 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Navigating the Moral Landscape of Foster Care: The Risk of Blame and Suspicion in Paid Parenthood File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10764 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10764 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10764 Author-Name: Katarina Jacobsson Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Work, Lund University, Sweden Abstract: Foster care provides a family‐like upbringing for children who cannot stay with their biological parents for various reasons. While the practice of paying foster parents is not questioned, the level of the fee and how it is spent (or not spent) are morally charged matters. Foster parents’ motives may be questioned by the media, neighbors, or social workers, who may suspect financial gain. Although these payments are essential and may be crucial to the successful recruitment of foster parents (of whom there is a severe shortage), the issue of foster parent remuneration is fraught with sensitivity, suspicion, and blame. This article analyzes the suspicions about money that foster parents encounter or reproduce, ranging from subtle educational comments to explicit blame. Building on the argument of economic sociologist Viviana Zelizer that money is often defined as corrupting in family, kinship, and friendship relationships, the analysis suggests that foster parents learn to navigate, but also reproduce, suspicions about reimbursement through encounters with websites, social workers, and foster parent communities. They avoid answering direct questions about financial compensation but prepare ready‐made answers and phrases to prevent potential blame. This study is part of a three‐year research project on foster homes and money. The material consists of texts (official and social media) and interviews with foster parents. Keywords: blame; foster care; foster parents; money; reimbursement; suspicion; Sweden Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10764 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gender Equality Barriers in Agriculture and Life Sciences in Central European Universities File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10086 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10086 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10086 Author-Name: Veronika Paksi Author-Workplace-Name: HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary / University of Szeged, Hungary Author-Name: Katalin Tardos Author-Workplace-Name: HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary / International Business School, Hungary Author-Name: Judit Takács Author-Workplace-Name: HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary Author-Name: Csilla Judit Suhajda Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hungary Author-Name: Jana Mazancová Author-Workplace-Name: Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czechia Author-Name: Štefan Bojnec Author-Workplace-Name: University of Primorska, Slovenia Author-Name: Julianna Kobolák Author-Workplace-Name: Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hungary Abstract: The European Union aims to foster research excellence, among others, by increasing gender equality (GE) in the European research area. The mandatory introduction of gender equality plans (GEP) mobilised universities to assess, target, and monitor GE in different fields of science. A wide range of barriers have been explored in STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), characterised by the low participation of women. However, significant obstacles to GE can emerge in relatively more gender‐balanced and, therefore, rarely studied fields, such as agriculture and life sciences (ALS). Experiences can differ in Central and Eastern European countries, characterised by rather traditional gender and family norms. This study explores different stakeholders’ perceptions of the main barriers of GE, with particular attention to ALS. We conducted nine focus groups (82 participants in total) with middle management, academic staff, and students from Czech, Hungarian, and Slovenian universities, aiming to contribute to the revision of their first GEP. Discussions were centred on recruitment, leadership positions, work–life balance, gender‐based violence, sexual harassment, organisational culture, integrating the gender dimension into research and teaching, and institutionalisation of GEPs. Findings revealed that women in ALS face partly similar gender‐based obstacles to their counterparts in less gender‐balanced fields—perceptions of education and career choices, work–life imbalance, and exclusion by recruitment and promotion practices—and also additional ALS‐related challenges of laboratory and fieldwork. Findings highlight the need for institutions to carefully address these areas in their state‐of‐the‐art assessments and develop sector‐specific, tailor‐made GEPs. Keywords: academia and higher education; agriculture and life sciences; barriers; Central and Eastern Europe; gender equality; Gender Equality Plans; inclusion of women; stakeholders Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10086 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Multi‐Placed Outreach Work With People Who Use Drugs: Promoting Social and Health Service Accessibility File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10454 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10454 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10454 Author-Name: Johanna Ranta Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland Author-Name: Kirsi Juhila Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Finland Abstract: People who use drugs (PWUD) may face problems accessing social and health service facilities, for instance, due to the fear of stigmatising encounters. This may prevent them from receiving the support they need. Outreach work has been developed to promote service accessibility by encountering PWUD in their everyday environments, such as on streets, in parks, in homes, and online. We define this as multi‐placed outreach work to understand the need for workers’ mobility in various places, as well as the importance of place‐related meanings in reaching PWUD. Drawing on a theoretical framework that notes places’ situational and personal meanings, we employed discursive methods to analyse outreach worker interviews conducted in Finland. We asked what kinds of meanings workers attach to various places in terms of service accessibility in their interview talk and how they reflect on the promotion of service accessibility through multi‐placed outreach work with PWUD. We identified five place‐related meanings, which varied in relation to the situationally set aim to reach either new, potential service users or previously known PWUD: (a) places of seeking and finding, (b) places of observation and becoming visible and familiar, (c) places as permanent “anchor points,” (d) pre‐arranged and individually selected places, and (e) places requiring escorting. We conclude that places have a variety of meanings in outreach work practices in terms of both outreach work and general social and healthcare accessibility. Workers’ place‐sensitive understanding is crucial to promoting service accessibility and, therefore, the realisation of PWUD’s social inclusion. Keywords: accessibility; discursive analysis; drug use; harm reduction; human geography; multi‐placed work; outreach work; place; social and health services Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10454 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Between Ambition and Uncertainty: What Drives Young Women to Consider Social Freezing? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10432 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10432 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10432 Author-Name: Maila Mertens Author-Workplace-Name: University Research Priority Program Human Reproduction Reloaded, University of Zurich, Switzerland / Department of Sociology, University of Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: Jörg Rössel Author-Workplace-Name: University Research Priority Program Human Reproduction Reloaded, University of Zurich, Switzerland / Department of Sociology, University of Zurich, Switzerland Author-Name: Nadja Colombini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, University of Zurich, Switzerland Abstract: Social egg freezing has increasingly become a topic of public discussion in recent years. It means the cryopreservation (freezing) of human unfertilized egg cells, which enables women to postpone pregnancy to a later age. The discussion has often focused on the normative implications of this technological innovation in reproductive medicine and on the reasons that motivate women to use it. Our study analyzes the covariates of the desire to use social freezing. We model this desire based on a broad rational choice model of decision making. In this theoretical framework, we consider the specific constraints and costs that determine this consideration, but also the benefits that drive the desire to use social freezing in the future. We particularly focus on career ambitions, gender roles, specific benefits and constraints, as well as social norms concerning social freezing. We test this broad rational choice model based on a survey among university students (? = 805) at the University of Zurich conducted in 2023, focusing on a population segment that is especially inclined to consider the utilization of social freezing. Our empirical results show that the desire to use social freezing is driven by both tangible benefits, such as enhanced career prospects and more time to find a suitable partner, and normative benefits, like increased reproductive autonomy. However, the high financial costs of the procedure significantly inhibit potential uptake. Broader attitudes toward gender roles and career orientation also influence these desires, though more immediate cost–benefit considerations largely mediate their effects. Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies; cryopreservation; fertility; rational choice; social freezing; social norms Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10432 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Accessibility and Capabilities: (Non‐)Take‐Up of Benefits in the Welfare Production of Poor Households File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10358 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10358 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10358 Author-Name: Eva Nadai Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Switzerland Author-Name: Anna Gonon Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Switzerland Author-Name: Marcus Böhme Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Switzerland Abstract: Studies of accessibility mainly focus on state welfare benefits and services. Yet, civil society actors may also provide material benefits for various needs. Drawing on the capability approach, this article examines accessibility for both state and non‐state benefits from the perspective of people living in poverty. The (non‐)take‐up of particular benefits must be understood within the overall context of people’s welfare production, i.e., their practices of accessing, combining, and transforming resources from state, market, civil society, family, and social networks to achieve the kind of life they value. The article draws on a qualitative study examining the welfare production of 40 households living below or near the poverty line in Switzerland. It is based on three waves of semi‐structured interviews, complemented by financial diaries documenting household income and expenditures. Our analysis shows how configurations of individual factors such as self‐image, the endowment with social and cultural capital, and subjective cost–benefit calculations interact with institutional entitlements, conceptions of deservingness, and administrative procedures. The article identifies three ideal‐typical configurations: deliberate non‐take‐up, extensive use of different benefits, or sporadic use of mostly small non‐state benefits. Households without access to benefits are more likely to face material and social deprivation, whereas those who use both state and non‐state resources enhance their capabilities. Keywords: capabilities; civil society organisations; deservingness; minimum income benefits; non‐take‐up; sense of entitlement; welfare production Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10358 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The More, the Merrier…: The Effect of Social Network Heterogeneity on Attitudes Toward Political Opponents File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10282 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10282 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10282 Author-Name: Paulina Górska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Dominika Bulska Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Poland / Institute for Social Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Maciej Górski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Poland / Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland Abstract: Social network homogeneity is considered one of the key drivers of the rise in affective polarization. As opportunities for contact with different others decrease, out‐group animosity increases, fueling political conflict and destabilizing democracy. At the same time, research suggests that diverse social networks foster tolerance for opposing viewpoints. Consistent with the contact hypothesis, empirical studies show that individuals with more politically diverse networks hold more favorable attitudes toward their political opponents. However, it remains unclear whether network heterogeneity affects intergroup relations in the same way as intergroup contact or whether it represents a distinct source of depolarization. Furthermore, there is limited empirical evidence on the psychological mechanisms through which network heterogeneity influences attitudes toward political opponents. In this article, we address these gaps by presenting the results of a 2019 survey study (? = 378) conducted in Poland, within a highly polarized context. We show that having a more heterogeneous social network in terms of partisanship is indirectly related to more positive attitudes toward political opponents—an effect explained sequentially by diminished moral conviction and weakened party identification, as well as by weakened party identification alone. Contrary to what has been assumed, this effect is independent of traditionally operationalized intergroup contact, both in terms of its quantity and quality. Keywords: affective polarization; moralization; party identification; social networks Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Impact of Social Norms on Cohesion and (De)Polarization File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10984 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10984 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10984 Author-Name: Miranda J. Lubbers Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Author-Name: Marcin Bukowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Poland Author-Name: Oliver Christ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany Author-Name: Eva Jaspers Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Maarten van Zalk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Osnabrück, Germany Abstract: In recent years, political and social polarization has increased across many societies, evolving from mere issue‐based disagreements into affective polarization, in which citizens dislike and distrust members of opposing groups. This trend undermines social cohesion and the effective functioning of democratic institutions. Despite extensive interdisciplinary research into polarization, the role of social norms—shared expectations about typical and appropriate behavior—in mitigating such divisions remains underexamined. This thematic issue seeks to address this gap by investigating how social norms shape intergroup dynamics in polarized contexts. To frame the contributions, this introductory article first outlines the concepts of polarization and social norms and then briefly reviews the literature on the role of norms in polarization and depolarization. Subsequently, we introduce the contributions included in this thematic issue, which explore four central themes: (a) the role of social norms in fostering tolerance and depolarization; (b) the association between norm deviations and non‐normative behaviors and political polarization; (c) the negotiation versus contestation of social norms by competing groups; and (d) the influence of social networks on intergroup attitudes and behaviors that can facilitate depolarization processes. We conclude with reflections on future research directions. Keywords: intergroup relationships; interventions; polarization; social cohesion; social norms Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10984 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Employment Opportunity Equality in Digital Engineering: A Qualitative Study of Female Graduates' Career Experiences File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9704 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9704 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9704 Author-Name: Yishan Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: School of Internet of Things Engineering, Wuxi University, China Author-Name: Mengmeng Han Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, China / School of Law, Shihezi University, China Abstract: In the context of the globalized knowledge economy and evolving gender roles, the challenges faced by female career development in STEM disciplines, particularly in electronic information technology and computer science, demand increased academic attention. Despite policies promoting women’s participation in traditional science and engineering, the industry penetration rate of female graduates remains not enough in these digital‐based engineering fields. This study employs semi‐structured interviews with 17 female digital‐based engineering students from Chinese universities to explore gender isolation through academic development mechanisms and labor market access. It reveals a “masculine” professional culture within digital‐based engineering education, characterized by a cold laboratory environment, male‐dominated project models, and gender‐biased evaluation criteria, creating a field that excludes women. During market transformations, the intersection of capitalist logic and traditional gender ideologies has fostered a “technical elite‐masculinity” narrative, leading to systematic losses of women’s educational human capital during employment transitions. However, through social mutual assistance, women exchanged information, formed emotional identities, and accumulated social capital, challenging male dominance in science and technology and exploring gender reconstruction possibilities. The research suggests that while expanding female digital‐based engineering education challenges traditional occupational isolation, emerging technologies deepen gender‐power dynamics, masking inequality mechanisms through a conspiracy of capital and patriarchy. Keywords: China; employment difficulties; engineering; gender bias Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9704 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Access Through Peer Support: Implications of an Innovative Counselling Approach in German Jobcentres File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10366 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10366 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10366 Author-Name: Klara Lammers Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Hochschule Bielefeld – University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Germany Abstract: This research approaches the theoretical discourse on accessibility from an empirical perspective using a qualitative study in a specific field of social services. In Germany, jobcentres are institutions responsible for promoting employment, providing benefits, and offering counselling to unemployed people. Due to their hierarchical structures, standardised processes, and orientation towards the paradigms of an activating labour market policy, jobcentres can be described as organisations that are difficult to access for clients, especially for people with mental disorders. Based on a qualitative analysis, this article examines an innovative model project that implements a peer support approach in this context. Peer support volunteers have experienced mental disorders themselves and support users on this basis. The analysis comprises 38 individual interviews and seven group discussions with peer support volunteers and users, addressing the research question of how the introduction of peer support has changed the perception of accessibility within the jobcentre institution. The empirical results show that changes are taking place both at a structural level and concerning the relationships and organisation of support. However, certain barriers within the organisation remain and restrict accessibility. With reference to Clarke’s access theory, the majority of the identified changes can be understood as conservative active‐outreach strategies aligned with the existing system and its normative orientations. Additionally, the involvement of the previously little‐heard and potentially stigmatised perspective of people who have experienced mental disorders themselves reveals a transformative potential at certain points. Keywords: accessibility; employment promotion; mental health; participation; peer support; unemployment Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10366 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: From Authoritative Voices to Dialogical Policy‐Making: How Norwegian Universities Navigate Diversity Implementation File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9999 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9999 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9999 Author-Name: Vivian Anette Lagesen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway Author-Name: Julie Katrine Flikke Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway Author-Name: Martine Sletten Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway Author-Name: Knut H. Sørensen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway Abstract: This article examines how Norwegian universities implement gender equality and diversity policies through a Bakhtinian dialogical lens. Using document analysis of action plans from four major universities and interviews with 19 department heads and research group leaders, we trace how authoritative voices from external policymakers are transformed as they move from institutional plans to local implementation. The study reveals a fundamental shift from top‐down policy transmission to distributed dialogical sense‐making. While university action plans echo external directives by adopting expansive diversity definitions, they paradoxically create “authoritative polyphony,” messages too diffuse to enable meaningful local response. Our analysis identifies three patterns of local engagement: active resistance, where leaders contest institutional messages based on situated knowledge; interpretative paralysis, where unclear directives create obligation without actionable understanding; and creative transformations, where leaders reframe diversity through personal experiences and academic identities. When institutional guidance proves insufficient, local leaders draw upon two primary interpretative resources: embodied knowledge of inclusion and exclusion from personal experiences, and scholarly frameworks that reframe diversity through academic lenses. This process creates what we term “dialogical delegation,” a tacit transfer of interpretative authority from institutions to individuals without corresponding support. The findings demonstrate how “doing diversity” becomes an active dialogical process where authentic diversity strategies emerge through countless individual interpretative acts rather than centralised planning. This reveals both the limitations of broad institutional diversity policies and the emergence of alternative governance forms where meaning‐making authority becomes distributed across organisational hierarchies, with significant implications for policy implementation theory and diversity governance. Keywords: Bakhtin; dialogical analysis; diversity policy; higher education; policy implementation Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9999 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Study or Work? The Impact of Social Background and Unemployment Rates on the Decision of Vocational High School Graduates in Austria File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9772 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9772 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9772 Author-Name: David Binder Author-Workplace-Name: Educational Structures and Educational Opportunities Research Group, Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Austria Author-Name: Nora Haag Author-Workplace-Name: Educational Structures and Educational Opportunities Research Group, Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Austria Author-Name: Bianca Thaler Author-Workplace-Name: Educational Structures and Educational Opportunities Research Group, Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Austria Abstract: Vocational high schools (BHS) constitute a popular school type in Austria and are particularly appealing to students from lower socio‐economic backgrounds. These five‐year schools provide an alternative pathway to a general higher education entrance qualification, combining academic schooling with the “safety net” of school‐based vocational training. Although BHS represent an important route into higher education, with approximately half of graduates entering higher education within three years, the other half do not, with many opting to enter the labour market directly. Drawing on rational action theory, this study examines the relationship between students’ social backgrounds (measured by parental education level), labour market prospects following graduation from BHS, and higher education enrolment. We analyse the further educational and labour market pathways of the entire 2016/17 cohort of Austrian BHS graduates, using unique data that combines several high‐quality administrative registers. Descriptive analysis shows that transition rates to higher education vary considerably according to parental education. We employ logistic regression models to demonstrate that higher regional unemployment rates for the particular vocational qualification of BHS are associated with increased transition rates to higher education. In contrast with the assumptions of the “diversion thesis,” findings indicate that this effect does not vary according to the education of students’ parents. Consequently, BHS graduates with lower levels of parental education are equally likely to be deterred from pursuing higher education by the prospect of employment as those with higher parental education. Keywords: educational transitions; first‐generation students; higher education access; intergenerational inequality; labour market; opportunity costs; register data; vocational education Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9772 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Secondary Vocational Schools as Pathways to Higher Education in China File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9786 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9786 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9786 Author-Name: Yuan Wan Author-Workplace-Name: Academy for China’s Rule‐of‐Law, East China University of Political Science and Law, China Author-Name: Nadia Siddiqui Author-Workplace-Name: School of Education, Durham University, UK Author-Name: Xiaodong Wei Author-Workplace-Name: School of Marxism, Shandong University of Technology, China Author-Name: Zheng Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Vocational and Adult Education, East China Normal University, China Abstract: Over the past decade, the proportion of graduates from upper secondary vocational schools who have progressed to higher education (HE) has increased significantly in China. This study adopts a multiple case study methodology to provide an in‐depth examination of the under‐researched role vocational schools play in HE progression. Drawing on interview data, relevant policy documents, and administrative records, our findings reveal that vocational schools have actively promoted the “HE progression” trend. This role serves not only as a strategy for organizational survival—addressing challenges related to resource dependence and the pressure of institutional isomorphism—but also as a means of establishing organizational legitimacy. To improve HE admission rates, the schools in our case studies have implemented similar efficiency mechanisms in response to environmental pressures. These include enhancing the delivery of integrated‐education programs with symbolic quality control during the transfer process, adopting classification‐based student management systems that differ in form but are similar in substance, and establishing systems characterized by strong “examination‐oriented” features. Keywords: assimilation pressure; China; pathways to higher education; resource dependence; secondary vocational schools Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9786 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Directing Digital Citizenship: How Librarians Mediate the Dutch Digital Welfare State File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9949 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9949 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9949 Author-Name: Maud Rebergen Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: Joëlle Swart Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: Marcel Broersma Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract: Digital citizenship has emerged as a prominent concept in policy and academic discourse, broadly referring to individuals’ ability to access and use digital tools for public engagement. However, because its meaning varies between actors and across societal contexts, it is still an ambiguous term. This article considers how digital citizenship takes shape in practice by examining the everyday practices of librarians, the key mediators between citizens and the digital welfare state, and analysing how these contrast with conceptualizations of digital citizenship promoted by the Dutch national Digital Inclusion programme. Governments worldwide are adopting “digital‐by‐default” models, emphasizing ICT‐driven public service solutions. While promising greater efficiency and accessibility, this transition exacerbates challenges for individuals lacking access to ICT resources or digital literacy, reinforcing social inequalities. Using the Netherlands as a case study, this research highlights the challenges of digital inclusion in highly digitalized societies. Despite high digitalization rankings, many Dutch citizens face difficulties using digital tools and accessing digital public services. To address this issue, the Dutch government launched the Digital Inclusion programme in 2019, establishing information points and digital skills courses in libraries. Based on ethnographic research in three public libraries, this study reveals a disconnect between policymakers’ conceptualisations of digital citizenship, defining what competencies citizens should possess and what participatory practices are supported, and the lived reality of digital citizenship in public libraries. By highlighting the tensions and misalignments between policy and practice, this article aims to contribute to more inclusive conceptualizations of digital citizenship, to inform digital inclusion initiatives that foster equitable participation in digital societies. Keywords: digital citizenship; digital government; digital inclusion; digital literacy; digital welfare state; public libraries; self‐service solutions; social inequality Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9949 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Potentials and Pitfalls of Self‐Help Tools: A Survey Study of Digital Psychiatry in Denmark File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9990 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9990 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9990 Author-Name: Emilie Kristine Dyrlev Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Denmark Abstract: Welfare systems around the world are struggling to cope with the growing number of people needing psychiatric care. Consequently, digitalization has become a beacon of hope, making treatment more accessible and bolstering patient empowerment. However, scholars have shown that digital divides prevail. This study examines the social sustainability of digital psychiatry by illuminating patient perspectives on mental health digital solutions (MHDS) in Denmark. This is done via a unique survey sample from register data of 1,478 adults in psychiatric treatment in 2023. First, the study examines the association between seven predictors—socioeconomic position, severity of mental illness, age, gender, geographic location, migrant status, and social support—and MHDS usage via binary logistic regression analysis. The analysis reveals a social stratification behind the usage of MHDS. Second, the study conducts two latent class analyses—one for MHDS users and one for non‐users—to identify underlying groups that characterize patient perspectives on MHDS. For the users, the analysis reveals latent classes characterized by experiences of participation as well as isolation. For the non‐users, the analysis highlights latent classes characterized by few barriers to using MHDS as well as by multiple barriers related to the limited affordances of MHDS. Lastly, the study uses multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the association between the predictors and the latent classes, showing that latent class membership has a social component. Taken together, the findings indicate that social and digital inequalities are intertwined. To become socially sustainable, digital initiatives should complement, and not replace, in‐person treatment. Keywords: digital divide; digital inclusion; digitalization; empowerment; psychiatry; participation; welfare state Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9990 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: From Vocational Schools to Universities: Navigating Educational Permeability for Vietnamese Students in Japan File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9779 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9779 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9779 Author-Name: Anh Phuong Le Author-Workplace-Name: Graduate School of Asia‐Pacific Studies, Waseda University, Japan Abstract: This article explores how Vietnamese international students in Japan navigate the transition from vocational education to university, using the concepts of “institutional permeability” and the “education‐migration industry.” Findings from qualitative interviews revealed that while vocational‐to‐university pathways exist, they are obscured by structural barriers and informational gaps perpetuated by study‐abroad agencies and institutional practices. The study identifies three types of vocational schools—vocation‐oriented, hybrid, and further‐education‐oriented—with varying degrees of support for academic progression. Educational mobility is shown to be stratified and conditional, highlighting the need for more transparent and equitable systems to support international students’ academic aspirations. Keywords: access to university; educational mobility; international student mobility; Japan; Vietnamese students; vocational education Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9779 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gender Equality Plan at the University of Ljubljana: The Case of Work–Life Balance File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10014 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10014 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10014 Author-Name: Alenka Švab Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Vesna Leskošek Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Work, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Andreja Živoder Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract: The article addresses the challenges to achieving gender equality in academia, with a particular focus on work–life balance as outlined in the University of Ljubljana’s Gender Equality Plan (2022–2027). Based on a 2022 survey of 820 academic staff members, the study investigates how caregiving responsibilities, institutional practices, and organizational culture affect career advancement and satisfaction with the work environment, particularly concerning gender equality. The findings reveal significant gender differences in caregiving responsibilities, uptake of parental leave, access to leadership positions, and perceptions of institutional support. Women are disproportionately affected by inflexible promotion criteria, such as the mandatory three‐month stay at a foreign university or research institution, and report higher instances of career setbacks following parental leave. Regression analyses underscore the role of perceived equal opportunities, supportive leadership, and workplace culture in shaping experiences of gender equality. While the Gender Equality Plan at the University of Ljubljana outlines promising measures, the study highlights a critical gap between policy and practice. Keywords: academia; career advancement; caregiving; gender equality; institutional practices; work in research; work–life balance Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10014 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Testing the Robustness of the Association Between Personal Respect Norms and Tolerance in Polarized Contexts File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10035 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10035 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10035 Author-Name: Lucía Estevan-Reina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Spain Author-Name: Laura Frederica Schäfer Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychological Methods and Evaluation, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany Author-Name: Wilma Middendorf Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Osnabrück, Germany Author-Name: Marcin Bukowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Poland Author-Name: Maarten van Zalk Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Osnabrück, Germany Author-Name: Oliver Christ Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychological Methods and Evaluation, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany Abstract: Societies worldwide are challenged by heated debates around important societal topics like migration policies, gender equality, transgender rights, and climate change. These debates are perceived as highly polarized thereby increasing intolerance toward opposing opinions. Previous research has shown that respecting “disapproved others” as equals might foster tolerance, even in polarized contexts. Yet, an empirical test to establish whether the relationship link between respect and tolerance toward opposing others is still observable in the case of extreme opinions, strong disapproval of opposing opinions, and even strong perceived threats from opposing others, is still missing. In our research, we will test whether the strength of the association between personal respect norms and the tolerance of opposing opinions depends on the extremity of one’s own opinion, the strength of disapproval of the opposing opinion, and the perceived threat from the out‐group. Results based on survey data from more than 12,000 respondents from 12 European countries reveal that the association between personal respect norms and tolerance is unaffected by extremity, strength of disapproval, and perceived threat. The pattern of results is replicated with few exceptions across all 12 countries and six different controversial social topics. This is held in most cases even when considering differences in political views. We discuss the implications of our findings, their robustness, and the potential limits of the respect–tolerance link. Keywords: norms; polarization; respect; tolerance Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10035 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Skilled Transitions: Digital Training Programmes as Active Labour Market Strategies in Rural Portugal File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10129 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10129 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10129 Author-Name: Ana Sofia Ribeiro Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: Leonor Bettencourt Author-Workplace-Name: CIS–ISCTE, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Isabel Roque Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal Author-Name: João Carlos Sousa Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Social Sciences, University of Lisbon, Portugal / University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Abstract: The transition from school to work in rural areas presents distinct challenges compared to urban environments, shaped by constraints on spatial mobility, limited employment opportunities, insufficient training provision, and cultural expectations, particularly concerning gender roles. The Covid‐19 pandemic and the expansion of remote work initially appeared to mitigate some of these barriers for digitally literate individuals with access to adequate infrastructure. However, many young people in rural areas lack the necessary digital skills and reliable internet connectivity to engage in remote employment, rendering digitalisation a potential obstacle rather than a facilitator of labour market integration. As a broader socio‐economic process, digitalisation has the potential to expand employment and training opportunities for young people. The pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital tools by public employment services, requiring significant adaptation by both service providers and users. In response, the Portuguese government has implemented a strategic framework encompassing training programmes and internships aimed at unemployed individuals with at least the minimum level of mandatory education. Despite the benefits of digitalised services, rural NEETs (persons not in employment, education, or training) frequently require more personalised, in‐person support to navigate labour market barriers effectively. This study adopts a comparative approach to examine two active employment programmes targeting unemployed young adults in rural Portugal: one centred on remote digital training and the other on digital upskilling through internships. Through document analysis and semi‐structured interviews with public employment services technicians, mentors, and NEETs aged 25–30, the findings underscore the relevance of these interventions, particularly for highly educated NEETs experiencing skills mismatches. Keywords: digital transition; labour market; NEETs; rural Portugal; skills programmes Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Selective Pronatalism and Reproductive Autonomy: Attitudes Toward Medically Assisted Reproduction in Hungary File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10390 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10390 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10390 Author-Name: Ivett Szalma Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sociology, HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary / Institute of Social and Political Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary Author-Name: Lóránt Pélyi Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sociology, HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary Abstract: This study explores how social and political factors shape attitudes toward medically assisted reproduction in Hungary, focusing on the selective pronatalist policies that prioritize middle‐class, heteronormative families while marginalizing LGBTQ+ individuals. In a national context where childbearing is framed as a societal expectation and voluntary childlessness is less accepted than in Western and Northern Europe, these policies play a pivotal role in shaping public attitudes. Drawing on data from a 2024 nationwide representative survey, the study examines the influence of sociodemographic variables on public support for medically assisted reproduction, with particular attention to attitudes toward lesbian couples’ access to in‐vitro fertilization. The findings reveal that individuals concerned about population decline and those with strong nationalist sentiments are more likely to support medically assisted reproduction, while those who are more accepting of voluntary childlessness show less support. However, access to medically assisted reproduction for lesbian couples is significantly less supported, particularly among those who endorse traditional gender roles and nationalist ideologies. These results underscore the intersection of pronatalist policies, nationalist narratives, and social exclusion, raising critical questions about reproductive autonomy, inclusivity, and the ethical implications of state‐supported fertility programmes. The study contributes to broader debates on how reproductive policies reflect, reinforce, and actively shape societal norms, particularly in contexts where demographic anxieties and nationalist agendas converge. Keywords: attitudes toward migration; lesbian couples; medically assisted reproduction; pronatalist context; voluntary childlessness Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10390 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: “Funny Weapons”: The Norms of Humour in the Construction of Far‐Right Political Polarisation File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10211 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10211 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10211 Author-Name: Gabriel Bayarri Toscano Author-Workplace-Name: Audiovisual Communication, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain Author-Name: Concepción Fernández-Villanueva Author-Workplace-Name: Social Psychology, Complutense University, Spain Abstract: Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil, Nayib Bukele in El Salvador, and Javier Milei in Argentina are just a few paradigmatic cases that represent, to different degrees, the rise of populism, the advances of right‐wing radicalism, and the resurgence of extreme nationalism in Latin America in the last decade. The question that arose after the victory of the far‐right was: How could this have happened? One of the instruments that undoubtedly contributed to this unexpected victory was a peculiar aspect of these political campaigns: memetic communication. Through the use of memes in social media (above all WhatsApp), the far‐right transformed violent discourses against political opponents, feminism, racialised persons, and poverty into a series of messages legitimised through humour and irony. This process operated as a simplification that disrupted stable systems of social norms and metaphorical frameworks. Between September 2022 and February 2024, in the weeks leading up to and following each presidential election, we collected and analysed visual data employing open‐source software. We also conducted ethnographic fieldwork and digital ethnography during the weeks preceding the elections to capture online and offline discourses and the affective milieu of each electoral campaign, providing contextual insight into the impact of memetic communication. Our analysis demonstrates the trivialisation and legitimisation of violence against political opponents and other social groups. This process may also be interpreted as an attempt to render the unconstitutional as legitimate, framing exclusionary or violent political acts as necessary or even virtuous. Much of this legitimisation was camouflaged under the mask of supposed humour and irony, which in reality was insulting, prejudicial, and dehumanising. Keywords: far‐right; humour; Latin America; memetic communication; social norms; violence Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How Descriptive Norms and Peer Attitudes Shape Interethnic Dating Among Adolescents in Dutch Schools File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10034 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10034 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10034 Author-Name: Eva Jaspers Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Pascale I. van Zantvliet Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education and Pedagogy, Utrecht University, The Netherlands / Utrecht Center for Research and Development of Health Professions Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands Author-Name: Jan-Willem Simons Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Abstract: This study examines the role of school‐based environmental factors in shaping interethnic dating patterns among adolescents in the Netherlands. Given that adolescence is a formative period for social behaviour, early interethnic dating experiences may foster openness to interethnic marriage later in life. We focus on how general peer approval of the outgroupfrom both the ingroup and outgroup perspectivesand descriptive norms (i.e., the prevalence of interethnic relationships) influence adolescents’ partner choices. Using longitudinal data from the Dutch part of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), we test whether ingroup attitudes influence interethnic dating via personal preferences for interethnic dating, and whether descriptive norms and outgroup attitudes moderate the relationship between personal preferences and dating. Results support the hypothesis that more positive ingroup attitudes are indirectly associated with an increased likelihood of interethnic dating via personal preferences. Descriptive norms furthermore moderate the effect of personal preferences, strengthening the relationship under supportive normative conditions. In contrast, we find no evidence that outgroup attitudes towards the ingroup play a moderating role. Ethnic minority adolescents and older students are more likely to date someone from an ethnic outgroup, while students with more highly educated parents and Christian students (vs. non‐religious peers) are less likely to do so. Future research should explore additional sources of normative influence, such as (social) media and adolescent clubs, to better understand the broader forces shaping interethnic relationships. Keywords: adolescents; descriptive norms; intergroup attitudes; interethnic dating; schools Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10034 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Living Up to Your Own Standards? Patterns of Civic Norms and Volunteering in Germany File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10007 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10007 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10007 Author-Name: Kathrin Ackermann Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Social Sciences, University of Siegen, Germany Author-Name: Jonathan Mylius Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Theology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany Author-Name: Annette Haussmann Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Theology, Heidelberg University, Germany Author-Name: Stefanie Wiloth Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Ageing Research, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland Abstract: One of the most significant challenges facing contemporary societies is the increasing polarization of social and political ideologies. Against this backdrop, it is highly important to understand the foundations of social cohesion in order to effectively address this trend. One of the fundamental pillars of social cohesion is volunteering, which entails contributing to a collective good through unpaid work in an organization or association. While a substantial body of research has been dedicated to examining the socio‐structural and sociodemographic correlates of volunteering, the relationship between norms and volunteering behavior has received comparatively less attention. In this study, we employ the concept of citizenship norms to empirically explore the patterns of civic norms, particularly norms of solidarity and norms of participation, and volunteering. Furthermore, we investigate how these patterns differ across societal groups, including age, gender, education, and religion. Our quantitative analysis is based on data from a population survey in Germany, with approximately 1,800 respondents. We find that civic norms relate to volunteering, with participation norms showing a stronger link than solidarity norms. These relationships are not moderated by moral and socio‐structural factors but remain consistent across different societal groups. Keywords: civic norms; social norms; social capital; solidarity; volunteering Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10007 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Engaging With Chinese Rural Women Influencers on Douyin: Female Viewers’ Perspectives on Gender Norms File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9657 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9657 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9657 Author-Name: Minghao Bai Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Foreign Studies, University of International Business and Economics, China Author-Name: Rafael Ventura Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Philology and Communication, University of Lleida, Spain Abstract: In recent years, the popularity of short videos has provided rural women in China with an unprecedented opportunity for self‐presentation and engagement with the outside world, enabling them to articulate their own narratives with authenticity. On Douyin, a leading short video platform, content produced by rural women has gained significant attention, resonating particularly with female audiences. This study, based on 21 semi‐structured interviews conducted with Chinese women viewers, investigates the factors driving the popularity of rural female influencers’ content, the gratifications that female viewers obtain, and their perceptions of these rural influencers’ authenticity. The findings reveal that female audiences gain insights into the structural challenges and vulnerabilities faced by rural women in China, as well as how these influencers challenge traditional gender norms. Ultimately, this study underscores the transformative potential of short videos to provide female audiences with a window into the lives of rural women, stimulating critical reflection on deeply embedded cultural constructs and advancing social inclusion. Promoting gender equality and social development may provide various opportunities for the autonomy of rural women in the future. Keywords: audience reception; Douyin; gender norms; rural women; short videos; social networks Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9657 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dissecting Discourses in Policy: Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Problematizations in Academia File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9855 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9855 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9855 Author-Name: Sarah Musubika Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Women’s and Gender Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway Author-Name: Ann Therese Lotherington Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Women’s and Gender Research, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway Abstract: Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) related injustices have long drenched higher education institutions (HEIs), prompting ongoing efforts to address them. In Norway, such efforts include Gender Equality Plans (GEPs)/DEI action plans in all HEIs, stipulating how DEI should be incorporated and supported. This article examines the GEP/DEI Plans at UiT The Arctic University of Norway. Applying Carol Bacchi’s “what’s the problem represented to be” (WPR) approach to the UiT Equality Plans, we genealogically contextualize and dissect the policy discourse to explore its problem representations, underlying assumptions, and policy evolution. Recognizing that policy proposals are not mere governance tools but inhabit meaning beyond the explicitly stated, we regard policy as inseparable from the social, political, and cultural contexts in which it operates. We find that the policy primarily targets women, despite the change of name from GEP to DEI Plan, and frames the overall DEI problem as the underrepresentation of women in professorship/leadership roles. While the fairness approach to equality is prevalent, women in the academy are reinstated as units of resources that must be tapped, whose productivity must be audited and enhanced through affirmative action to utilize all resources. Aligning our findings with the three DEI policy operational frameworks outlined in the research literature, i.e., individual, structural, and cultural, we identify a deficiency in this literature: a lack of emphasis and clarity on the importance of academic content to support DEI. Consequently, we propose a new analytical dimension related to research, teaching, and study content. Keywords: academia; DEI; HEI; Norway; policy discourse; policy problematization; WPR Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: (Micro)Identities in Flux: The Interplay of Polarization and Fragmentation in Polish and European Politics File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9996 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9996 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9996 Author-Name: Piotr Kłodkowski Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Comparative Studies of Civilisations, Jagiellonian University, Poland Author-Name: Malgorzata Kossowska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Poland Author-Name: Anna Siewierska Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Political Science, University of Rzeszów, Poland Abstract: This conceptual article interrogates the role of identity politics—amplified by political elites and magnified through social media—in destabilizing the foundations of liberal democracy by deepening ideological, social, and cultural divisions. It critically examines the dynamics of micro‐identity formation, exploring their paradoxical capacity to either intensify polarization, erode democratic norms, and foster social fragmentation, or, conversely, to reinforce democratic norms. Through a case study of micro‐narratives, such as the discourse surrounding the term “TERF” (trans‐exclusionary radical feminist), the article highlights how the politicization of identity can fuel polarization and entrench societal fault lines. Equally, drawing on analyses of parliamentary elections in Poland, it illustrates how strategic integration of micro‐identities into coalition‐building efforts can yield positive outcomes, ultimately bolstering the democratic process. The article contends that safeguarding democratic norms necessitates the crafting of inclusive narratives that acknowledge micro‐identities, uphold cultural and ideological pluralism, and reaffirm the core democratic principle of minority rights protection. In this context, particular attention is given to Polish PM Donald Tusk’s post‐2023 election discourse as an exemplar of an integrative narrative strategy. Keywords: democratic norms; (de)polarization; European politics; micro‐identities; Poland Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9996 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Erosion of the Portuguese Minimum Income Protection Scheme File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10135 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10135 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10135 Author-Name: Luis Manso Author-Workplace-Name: Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Belgium; Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Renato Miguel Carmo Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Maria Clara Oliveira Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal / Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, Portugal Author-Name: Jorge Caleiras Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal / Collaborative Laboratory for Labor, Employment and Social Protection (CoLABOR), Portugal Abstract: While minimum income protection (MIP) is central on a European level, as demonstrated by the European Pillar of Social Rights, national policies display huge variations, reflecting different domestic guidelines and political and socio‐economic dynamics. The literature has shown that the adequacy of MIPs and their role in social protection systems varies significantly, not only between countries but also over time. However, as most studies adopt large-N comparative perspectives, it is not possible to identify whether policy changes affect the programs’ generosity or how. This article bridges this gap by taking Portugal as a specific case study and examining the degree of generosity of its MIP—the Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI), later renamed Social Insertion Income (SII). GMI/SII has outlasted other schemes and is unique within the Southern European welfare regime, partly because, since it started, it has undergone several transformations, which have impacted its ability to provide adequate coverage. The article applies a hypothetical simulation approach to assess the impact of policy change on the generosity of GMI/SII over time. The results demonstrate that alterations introduced over time have had negative effects on different aspects of the adequacy of GMI/SII—and to varying degrees. Keywords: generosity; hypothetical simulations; minimum income protection; policy change; Portugal Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Experiencing Social Exclusion and Distrust: Mental Health Rehabilitees Struggling With Digital Administrative Burdens File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9950 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9950 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9950 Author-Name: Hannele Palukka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Finland Author-Name: Anne Koski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Finland Author-Name: Jaana Parviainen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Social Research, Tampere University, Finland Author-Name: Laura Eilola Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Finland Abstract: The digital welfare state has been transforming into a type of state structure in which the citizen no longer faces the official in person, but interaction instead occurs with system‐level bureaucracy, and decision‐making takes place in an algorithmic system’s frame. This article aimed to determine what kind of burden digital self‐service and algorithmic decision‐making poses to people with mental health problems. The article contributes to the social sustainability literature by introducing the concept of digital administrative burden and how it can create social exclusion and distrust in public administration among vulnerable citizens. Drawing on social representation theory and the concept of social identity, we examine how the digital administrative burden faced by mental health rehabilitees affects their identity and self‐perception. The data gathered comprises audio‐recorded group discussions with mental health rehabilitees. Based on the data, it can be demonstrated that digital citizen–state encounters create subject positions for mental health rehabilitees that portray them as dispossessed, unreliable, insignificant, and inferior. The positioning of mental health rehabilitees highlights how administrative burdens in digital citizen–state encounters contribute to social exclusion, preventing the full realisation of their citizenship. It can be stated that digital burdens imposed by automated administration on those dependent on social benefits can endanger society’s social sustainability. This is particularly irritating because the welfare state’s capability and commitment to social sustainability are crucial in preventing development of inequality and polarisation between different population groups. Keywords: digital administrative burdens; digital citizen–state encounters; mental health rehabilitee; social exclusion; social sustainability Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9950 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Regime of Self‐Optimization: Lived Experiences of Enforced Digital Inclusion by Low‐Literate Citizens File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10052 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10052 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10052 Author-Name: Alexander Smit Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: Joëlle Swart Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: Marcel Broersma Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Abstract: This article introduces the regime of self‐optimization, a theoretical framework to understand how disadvantaged citizens are compelled to continually improve their digital skills and capacities to meet the demands of an increasingly digital welfare state. Consequently, we ask: How do low‐literate Dutch citizens experience the regime of self‐optimization in their everyday lives? Drawing on historical and discursive underpinnings of governmentality, responsibilization, and standardization, we propose a conceptual framework to examine how top‐down digital norms impose moral and practical obligations for self‐optimization. We distinguish two dimensions of self‐optimization: a vertical and horizontal mode. The first emphasizes extrinsic norms, efficiency, and personal responsibility, effectively attributing digital exclusion to personal failure while overlooking more profound structural barriers. The latter centers around intrinsic motivations, social support structures, trust, and context‐sensitive adaptation, thereby fostering inclusion and agency, although its effectiveness depends on social resources. Drawing on a longitudinal ethnographic study conducted in libraries, a community center, and a vocational school in the Netherlands (41 participant observations; 23 semi‐structured interviews), our findings show how these competing dimensions collide in the everyday lives of low‐literate Dutch citizens, revealing frictions that highlight broader socio‐political tensions in digitized welfare systems. These tensions highlight how the mechanisms intended to foster digital inclusion, by encouraging citizens to optimize themselves, can instead reinforce marginalization. By centering the experiences of marginalized groups, researchers and policymakers can more effectively address socio‐economic, linguistic, and cultural barriers to digital inclusion. This challenges the assumption that universalized digital inclusion initiatives are sufficient for all citizens. The regime of self‐optimization, thus, provides insights for designing human‐centered, context‐sensitive digital inclusion interventions in rapidly digitizing societies. Keywords: digital inclusion; digital exclusion; digital inequality; digital literacy; low literacy; disadvantaged citizens; self‐optimization Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10052 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Navigating Resistance: Analysing the Complex Dynamics of Resistance in Gender Equality Policy Implementation in Universities File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9939 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9939 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9939 Author-Name: Maria Eugenia Vilarchao Author-Workplace-Name: European Science Foundation, France Author-Name: Sofia Strid Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology and Work Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Author-Name: Ildiko M. Ipolyi Author-Workplace-Name: Global Water Partnership Central Eastern Europe, Slovakia Author-Name: Zoi Tatsioka Author-Workplace-Name: South‐East European Research Centre, Greece Author-Name: Faye Ververidou Author-Workplace-Name: South‐East European Research Centre, Greece Abstract: While resistance to gender equality policies across institutions has received considerable scholarly attention, the study of resistance to specific themes of gender equality, such as gender‐based violence (GBV), has gained significant momentum only over the last decade, especially in Central and Eastern European countries. This article analyses the development and implementation of gender equality plans (GEPs) with measures against GBV in higher education institutions (HEIs). It examines the strategies applied by institutions to develop or modify institutional policies and procedures to monitor, prevent, and address GBV, and the resistances encountered during these processes in the socio‐political context of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Empirically, the article is based on an analysis of institutional policies and the process of developing roadmaps for devising and implementing GEPs in eight sport HEIs in CEE. Theoretically, it situates resistance as acts of opposition and the implementation of gender equality policies as a result of power struggles between status quo and gender equality actors. Moreover, the article identifies forms of resistance and counteractions that hinder and drive gender equality reform in HEIs and proposes key initiatives and strategic priorities to support institutional change. Keywords: Central and Eastern Europe; gender equality plans; gender mainstreaming; gender‐based violence; higher education institutions; implementation; institutional change; intersectionality; resistance; roadmaps Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9939 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Associations Between Perceived Societal Polarisation and (Extreme) Non‐Normative Attitudes and Behaviour File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10248 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10248 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10248 Author-Name: Rebekka Kesberg Author-Workplace-Name: School of Psychology, University of Sussex, UK Author-Name: Allard R. Feddes Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Author-Name: Eva Vogel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Author-Name: Bastiaan T. Rutjens Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract: Perceptions of societal polarisation in a country may influence individuals’ willingness to engage in non(normative) collective action. In the present research, we test the hypothesis that perceived societal polarisation reduces trust in the government, particularly when the government is perceived as posing a threat to the own social group. In turn, we expect increased willingness to engage in collective action on behalf of the ingroup. To test our predictions, we used a 2 (no threat versus threat) × 2 (no polarisation versus polarisation) experimental design. In the paradigm, participants are citizens in a fictitious country called “Bovenland.” Participants read three newspaper articles about political issues targeted at their ingroup “the Southerners.” After each newspaper article, participants indicated their intention to engage in collective action as well as their trust in the Bovenland government. A pilot study (? = 42) suggested that our experimental manipulation of perceived threat and perception of polarisation was effective. Our (preregistered) main study (? = 982) gathered through Prolific, found that perceived threat, but not polarisation, resulted in significantly more collective action intentions (normative, non‐normative, and extreme non‐normative). Under threat (but not under polarisation) significantly more (non)normative action intentions emerged. Bootstrapping analyses supported our finding that there was no direct effect of polarisation on collective action intentions. However, in the no‐threat condition, polarisation increased trust in the Bovenland government, which predicted less collective action intentions (normative, non‐normative, and extreme non‐normative). The implications of these findings will be discussed. Keywords: collective action intentions; normative behaviour; perceived threat; polarisation; political trust Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10248 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Mind the Gap! Linking Equality‐Based Respect Norms with General and Specific Tolerance File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10143 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10143 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10143 Author-Name: Dominika Gurbisz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Poland / Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Poland Author-Name: Anna Potoczek Author-Workplace-Name: Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw, Poland Author-Name: Marcin Bukowski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Poland Author-Name: Lucía Estevan-Reina Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Spain Author-Name: Oliver Christ Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen Abstract: This research investigates the extent of Poles’ tolerance of Jews through the lens of equality‐based respect norms and how these norms translate into general and specific tolerance. Additionally, we reexamine the principle‐implementation gap, specifically highlighting the potential discrepancy between declared tolerance and actual behavioral intentions. Through our analysis, we explore the distinction between measuring tolerance as an abstract principle and its application in concrete, real‐world situations. In three correlational studies (? = 818), we examined the relationship between perceived equality‐based respect social norms and the declared endorsement of tolerant principles. Studies 1 and 2 sought to establish initial evidence of this association, hypothesizing that individuals are more likely to express tolerance towards Jewish practices when perceiving stronger societal norms emphasizing respect. Results showed that perceived prescriptive equality‐based respect within both national and acquaintance ingroup norms was positively linked to tolerant attitudes. Additionally, the findings highlight the complexity of measuring tolerance, revealing a possible overestimation of tolerant attitudes when assessed at an abstract level, compared to when measured through concrete examples. Keywords: equality‐based respect; Jews; polarization; social norms; tolerance Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: NYNA NEETs and Digitalisation: How Many Challenges on the Horizon? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10189 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10189 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10189 Author-Name: Leonor Bettencourt Author-Workplace-Name: CIS‐ISCTE, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Nadine Correia Author-Workplace-Name: CIS‐ISCTE, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Paolo Mazzocchi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management and Quantitative Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, Italy Author-Name: Antonella Rocca Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management and Quantitative Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, Italy Abstract: The strong increase in digitalisation due to the Covid‐19 pandemic changed many aspects of people’s lives, making it possible to overcome physical barriers, accelerate the simplification of many tasks, and facilitate access to information. Nevertheless, not all segments of the population benefit(ed) from these services in the same manner, therefore increasing social inequalities. The most disadvantaged struggled with access to digital tools; the low‐educated struggled due to problems connected with the use of these tools; and those living in rural areas due to the limited availability of a fast broadband connection. Individuals not in education, employment, or training (NEETs) are usually over‐represented among people with these personal characteristics, reinforcing the need to support their digital inclusion for active participation in the labour market. This article focuses on NEETs aged 25–29 years who identified as “not young, not adults” (NYNA), to verify if a wide use of digital tools is associated with a more active approach to feelings and actions taken to access the labour market. Data used in this study are based on a survey conducted within the EEA grant project Track‐In: Public Employment Services Tracking Effectiveness in Supporting Rural NEETs and refer to the Mediterranean countries of Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Findings suggest the importance of digital competencies in enhancing socio‐emotional skills—key mediators being the capacity to front situations and “trait self‐control”—with the area of residence as moderator, which emphasises the need for region‐specific interventions for rural NYNA NEETs. Keywords: digital competencies; digitalisation; labour market; rural NYNA NEETs; socio‐emotional skills Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Governing the Digital Transition: The Moderating Effect of Unemployment Benefits on Technology‐Induced Employment Outcomes File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10114 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10114 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10114 Author-Name: Mark Golboyz Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Social Policy, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria Abstract: The digital transition shapes work in numerous ways. For instance, by affecting employment structures. To ensure that the digital transition results in better employment opportunities in terms of socio‐economic status, labour markets have to be guided appropriately. The European Pillar of Social Rights can be the political framework to foster access to employment and tackle inequalities that result from the digital transition. Current research primarily examines scenarios of occupational upgrading and employment polarisation. In the empirical literature, there is no consensus on which of these developments prevail. Findings vary between countries and across different study periods. Accordingly, this article provides a theoretical explanation for the conditions under which occupational upgrading and employment polarisation become more likely. Further, this article examines how the use of information and communication technology (ICT) capital in the production of goods and services affects the socio‐economic status of individuals and, more importantly, whether unemployment benefits moderate this effect. Methodologically, the article uses multilevel maximum likelihood regression models with an empirical focus on 12 European countries and 19 industries. The analysis is based on data from the European Labour Force Survey (EU‐LFS), the European Union Level Analysis of Capital, Labour, Energy, Materials, and Service Inputs (EU‐KLEMS) research project, and the Comparative Welfare Entitlements Project (CWEP). The results of the article indicate that generous unemployment benefits are associated with occupational upgrading. This implies that educational and vocational labour market policies need to be developed to prevent the under‐skilled from being left behind and to enable these groups to benefit from the digital transition. Consequently, it is not only the extent to which work involves routine tasks or the skills of workers that determine how technological change affects employment, but also social rights shape employment through unemployment benefits. Keywords: digitalisation; employment; employment polarisation; labour markets; occupational upgrading; social rights; unemployment benefits Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Homeless People: The Role of Discrimination and Family Rejection File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10102 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10102 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10102 Author-Name: Silvia Giménez-Rodríguez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Author-Name: Juan Daniel Ugalde Galera Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Author-Name: José Gabriel Rodríguez Pérez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Author-Name: Almudena Gómez Jiménez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Spain Abstract: The objective of this article is to compare the causal factors in the loss of housing between the LGBTQ and non‐LGBTQ populations. One hundred and twelve questionnaires were collected from LGBTQ people and 93 cases from the non‐LGBTQ population in the region of Madrid, Spain. Using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), the variable of sexual orientation and gender identity predicted significant differences in the causal factors related to the loss of housing. The findings refer to maintaining housing (? < .005), family problems and/or break up of the couple (? < .010), change of place of residence (? < 0.010), and expulsion from the home directly related to gender orientation and identity (? < .005 and ? < 0.01). Except for expulsion from the home due to discrimination in the LGBTQ group, gender orientation and identity do not generate, but do intensify, the situation of losing housing. Keywords: gender identity; homelessness; LGBTQ; sexual orientation Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Power of Intangible Resources for Cause Champions in Sport‐For‐Development: A Singapore Case Study File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9426 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9426 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9426 Author-Name: Sophia Harith Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, LUNEX, Luxembourg / Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Author-Name: Mathieu Marlier Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, LUNEX, Luxembourg Author-Name: Wai Cheong Eugene Chew Author-Workplace-Name: S R Nathan School of Human Development, Singapore University of Social Science, Singapore Author-Name: Mathieu Winand Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Management, LUNEX, Luxembourg Author-Name: Annick Willem Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Abstract: Cause champions are recognised to play a meaningful role in supporting the delivery and impact of sport‐for‐development (SFD) programmes. They are individuals who emerge from a programme’s target community and assume a leadership role to advocate for social change. However, there remains limited empirical inquiry on the factors that enable cause champions to thrive. Therefore, this study explored the most essential resources needed for cause champions to succeed in SportCares, an SFD organisation in Singapore. In total, 18 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with staff members, coaches, and cause champions. Three essential resources were identified: sustained tangible resources (i.e., funding and physical infrastructure), invested human capital (i.e., staff and coaches’ efforts), and organisational capital of emotional authenticity (i.e., sincerity through communication). The findings demonstrated that the interaction of these resources fostered a culture of care that supported the champion’s ability to advocate for social change. These results urge monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) practices to focus more on intangible and relational processes such as co‐creation sessions and authentic storytelling. Keywords: cause champions; co‐creation; intangible resource; monitoring, evaluation, and learning practices; resources; sport‐for‐development; storytelling Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9426 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Impact Evaluation of Community Sport Programmes and “Sport Social Work Practices” File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10848 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10848 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10848 Author-Name: Kirsten Verkooijen Author-Workplace-Name: Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands Author-Name: Pascal Delheye Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Abstract: Initiatives that employ sport as a means to achieve social objectives span a broad spectrum—from those primarily centred on sporting activities to those closely aligned with principles of social work. This thematic issue, titled “Impact Evaluation of Community Sport Programmes and ‘Sport Social Work Practices,’” reflects this diversity in both terminology and approach. It brings together twelve original contributions that critically examine the design, implementation, and evaluation of such initiatives. Drawing on case studies, literature reviews, and conceptual analyses from a range of global contexts, the issue offers a multifaceted perspective on the role of sport as a catalyst for social change. Particular attention is given to how the impacts of these initiatives can be more effectively understood, assessed, and sustained. The wide range of research questions, programme types, methodological approaches, and target populations underscores the complexity and scope of this interdisciplinary field. Collectively, the contributions demonstrate the potential of sport to serve as a meaningful vehicle for personal and social development, particularly when initiatives or interventions are locally embedded, relationally oriented, and grounded in the lived experiences of participants. Keywords: community engagement; evaluation and learning; monitoring; social change; social return on investment (SROI); sustainability; terminology Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10848 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bridging Pedagogy, Curriculum, and Assessment in Digital Education: Ensuring a Constructive Alignment File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9473 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9473 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9473 Author-Name: Nadine Correia Author-Workplace-Name: CIS‐ISCTE, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Tiago Almeida Author-Workplace-Name: Lisbon School of Education (ESELx), Polytechnic University of Lisbon, Portugal / Centre for Studies in Education and Innovation (CI&DEI), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal Author-Name: Rita Friães Author-Workplace-Name: Lisbon School of Education (ESELx), Polytechnic University of Lisbon, Portugal / Centre for Studies in Education and Innovation (CI&DEI), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Portugal / Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais (CIED), Polytechnic University of Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: Adriana Cardoso Author-Workplace-Name: Lisbon School of Education (ESELx), Polytechnic University of Lisbon, Portugal / Center of Linguistics, University of Lisbon, Portugal Abstract: An individual has the right to a quality and inclusive education and to training throughout their life. This is described in the European Pillar of Social Rights’ principles of Education, training, and lifelong learning, and Equal opportunities. Given that digitalization processes are leading to pedagogical change, how this education and training are designed and delivered may be impacted. This article explores the important interplay between pedagogy, curriculum, and assessment in digital education. We begin by discussing the acquisition of digital skills—an important indicator of an individual’s capacity to manage transitions— particularly focusing on the Portuguese context. Next, we reflect on how different learning theories and models can be applied in digital environments. In particular, we address the evolving roles of teachers and students, and the relevant pedagogical strategies, and propose the need for an alignment between pedagogy, curriculum, and assessment in digital education. By reflecting on how these aspects can be effectively integrated into the digital learning landscape, this overview provides valuable insights for both practice and policymaking, fostering meaningful and enriching educational experiences in the digital realm. Keywords: digital education; educational curriculum; learning assessment; pedagogy Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9473 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Youth Norm Deviation and Intolerance: Pathways to Polarized Political Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10019 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10019 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10019 Author-Name: Sebastian Lutterbach Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Research Synthesis, Intervention and Evaluation, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany Author-Name: Andreas Beelmann Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Research Synthesis, Intervention and Evaluation, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany Abstract: This study examines the psychological foundations of political polarization among adolescents, emphasizing the role of norm deviation and intolerance in shaping polarized political attitudes and behavioral intentions. We applied a structural equation model with latent variables to analyze the relationships between norm deviation and intolerance and five indicators of political polarization in 1,211 adolescents (aged 15–22 years, M = 16.6, SD = 1.5). These five indicators of political polarization were: rejection of democracy, rejection of human rights, conspiracy mentality, hostility toward foreigners, and the affinity for political violence. Multi‐group structural equation modeling was conducted to explore the moderating effects of gender, age, and migration background. Results indicate that both norm deviation and intolerance are significantly associated with polarized political attitudes and behavioral intentions, with distinct patterns across demographic groups. These findings highlight the importance of tailored educational and preventive interventions that consider adolescents’ gender, age, and migration background to reduce polarization risks and promote social cohesion. Keywords: adolescence; intolerance; norm deviation; polarization; political attitudes Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10019 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The (Non)Place of Migration? The European Pillar of Social Rights and the Representations of People with a Migration Background in Portugal File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10128 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10128 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10128 Author-Name: Joana S. Marques Author-Workplace-Name: CIES, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal Author-Name: Ana Luísa Martinho Author-Workplace-Name: CEOS.PP, ISCAP, Portugal Author-Name: Joana Topa Author-Workplace-Name: Universidade da Maia, Portugal / CIEG/ISCSP, University of Lisbon, Portugal Abstract: Recognising migration as a defining feature of contemporary society and politics, this article critically uses the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) as an analytical framework and examines how it relates to migration. Although migration is intrinsically linked to every dimension of the EPSR, we argue that it is largely absent from this framework. Moreover, while existing literature has explored various factors shaping public attitudes toward people with a migration background (PMB) and migration policies, little is known about how PMB represent these issues. Based on 73 semi‐structured interviews conducted in Porto, Portugal, this study fills that gap by analysing their perspectives on EPSR principles and on recent migration policy changes in the country, which have become less inclusive. Our findings show that framing migration as a crisis reinforces material and symbolic borders, which PMB simultaneously contest and internalise. Keywords: European Pillar of Social Rights; European Union policy; migration; Portugal Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Complexity of Defining Institutional Change in Academia File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9981 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9981 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9981 Author-Name: Fernanda Campanini Vilhena Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Deusto, Spain / Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Italy / Gender Equality and Gender‐Based Violence Unit, EDE Foundation, Spain Author-Name: María López Belloso Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Deusto, Spain Author-Name: María Silvestre Cabrera Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Deusto, Spain Abstract: In recent decades, the European research and innovation landscape has shifted from addressing gender inequality by focusing on “fixing women” to prioritising “fixing the institution,” with gender equality plans (GEPs) as the primary tool for transformation. While policies have spurred initiatives across EU member states and associated countries, progress remains uneven. Existing studies often attribute the gap between policy intentions and outcomes to GEP implementation issues. This article argues, however, that the complexity of framing institutional change strategies during GEP planning and design contributes equally to this policy–practice gap. Drawing on feminist institutionalism and complexity theories, this article examines how different stakeholders receive, interpret, and reshape policy ideas surrounding institutional change. It interrogates whether there is a shared definition of institutional change among those responsible for planning and implementing GEPs and discusses the (in)consistencies in the assessment of concrete initiatives as institutional change. Empirical data derive from a case study of six European institutions implementing GEPs under the Horizon 2020 project GEARING‐Roles, complemented by interviews with representatives from other 7th Framework Programme and Horizon 2020 GEP‐implementing projects. The findings reveal significant ambiguity in how institutional change is interpreted and translated into actions, with this ambiguity manifesting both among GEP implementers and the European Commission. We conclude that clearer guidelines and more consistent assessments are necessary, alongside theory‐based and practice‐oriented definitions of institutional change, which we propose as an attempt to address this gap. Keywords: academic organisations; complexity theory; European research; gender equality plans; institutional change Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9981 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Beyond Policy: The Odyssey of Implementing GEPs in European Academia File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9876 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9876 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9876 Author-Name: Evanthia Kalpazidou Schmidt Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Denmark Author-Name: Anna Vigsø Pedersen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Denmark Abstract: This article investigates the design and implementation of Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) across nine European universities within a university alliance, emphasising the importance of context‐specific interventions. It explores the diversity in GEPs’ content, structure, and implementation, as well as the organisation of gender equality work, revealing how national policies, institutional priorities, and socio‐cultural contexts shape these processes. Key challenges include gendered academic cultures, internal resistance, structural and organisational barriers, resource limitations, national commitment disparities, and deeply ingrained societal norms affecting gender equality. Drawing on complexity theory, this article advocates for gender‐sensitive and context‐aware frameworks to navigate the non‐linear nature of institutional interventions in academia across diverse settings. Moreover, it offers insights into the implementation of GEPs within university alliances, a context underexplored in the literature. By examining the dynamics of GEP implementation across multiple institutions within a collaborative framework, the article uniquely contributes to understanding how alliances facilitate knowledge exchange, resource sharing, and collective learning, enhancing institutional capacity and fostering synergies to more effectively address gender inequalities. Keywords: barriers to gender equality; complexity theory; context‐aware approach; European universities; gender sensitivity; structural and cultural change; university alliance Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: “Complete the Test First”: Prescreening Tests at the Margins of Digital Public Administration File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9971 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9971 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9971 Author-Name: Heta Tarkkala Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland Author-Name: Riikka Koulu Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law, University of Helsinki, Finland Author-Name: Karoliina Snell Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland Author-Name: Helmi Soininvaara Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law, University of Helsinki, Finland Abstract: Western welfare states are rushing to digitalise access to public services and citizens’ interactions with public institutions. Finland exemplifies this trend towards digital‐first administration. In this article, we discuss digital public administration and the interaction between citizens and the state through the example of digital prescreening tests. Digital prescreening tests are interactive webpages or mobile apps in which a citizen‐user is required to answer questions about their situation before they are granted contact with a civil servant, access to a public service, or further advice. We analyse these tests theoretically and empirically, asking what their legal status is, how their developers perceive them, and what impacts they have on citizens’ legal standing and rights. Prescreening tests may be useful tools for citizens, but may also lead to harmful gatekeeping and socially unsustainable digital public administration. We argue that prescreening is an important, yet neglected phenomenon. Regulatory policy and academic research have focused on issues regarding automating decision‐making processes, while advice‐giving and first points‐of‐contact have received little attention. Drawing on discussions on street‐level bureaucracy and its connections with digital systems, we analyse prescreening through interviews and legal sources. Our analysis shows how this new “screen‐level bureaucracy” of prescreening tests influences both service provision and access as well as the rationalities and modalities of digital public administration. Keywords: automated decision‐making; digital administrative burden; digital public services; healthcare; medical devices; prescreening tests; screen‐level bureaucracy; self‐service; social welfare Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9971 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Do Challenges in the Accessibility of Welfare Services Explain the Need for Food Aid? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10342 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10342 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10342 Author-Name: Joakim Zitting Author-Workplace-Name: RDI Services, Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Author-Name: Varpu Wiens Author-Workplace-Name: RDI Services, Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Author-Name: Sakari Kainulainen Author-Workplace-Name: RDI Services, Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Abstract: The accessibility of welfare services is important for vulnerable groups. Reliance on charitable food aid has increased markedly across Europe in recent years, largely due to austerity policies and gaps in the welfare state. One such gap is the non‐take‐up of benefits and services, which undermines the social policies’ effectiveness. This short note presents findings from a Finnish survey of food aid recipients (? = 942). The results indicate that many recipients never received the services they needed, such as social assistance, healthcare, or social worker support. Moreover, a substantial number reported needing a service but never applied for it. The findings are discussed in relation to the five dimensions of accessibility and existing research literature, suggesting that accessibility issues may be present across all five dimensions. These preliminary observations should be further examined in future studies to provide stronger evidence for improving the accessibility of welfare services. The public social security and welfare service system should be sufficiently accessible so that the need for food aid would not arise. Keywords: accessibility; disadvantage; food aid; welfare services Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10342 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: From Plans to Practice: Transformative Gender‐in‐Teaching Training Programs Through GEPs in Higher Education File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9969 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9969 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9969 Author-Name: Elisabet Mas de Les Valls Author-Workplace-Name: Heat Engines Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–BarcelonaTech, Spain Author-Name: Marta Peña Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–BarcelonaTech, Spain / IOC Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–BarcelonaTech, Spain Author-Name: Amaia Lusa Garcia Author-Workplace-Name: IOC Research Institute, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–BarcelonaTech, Spain / Management Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–BarcelonaTech, Spain Author-Name: Rosó Baltà-Salvador Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Graphic and Design Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–BarcelonaTech, Spain Abstract: Universities play a crucial role in advancing gender equality by implementing gender equality plans (GEPs). A key element of these plans is gender‐in‐teaching training for educators, which equips them to integrate gender dimensions into their subjects. This initiative benefits students by challenging entrenched gender norms and stereotypes and fostering more inclusive and humanized learning experiences. Particularly in STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), such training is essential in promoting equal opportunities and dismantling biases. To determine effective approaches for designing these transformative programs, action research was conducted across seven online training programs involving over 140 educators from seven Spanish universities. The research identified best practices and challenges educators face when integrating gender perspectives into teaching, along with strategies to overcome these barriers. Effective solutions included defining gender‐related activities tailored to individual subjects and providing ongoing, personalized support to educators. The findings emphasize that sustained support through well‐structured, online gender‐in‐teaching programs is vital for authentic curriculum transformation. Personalized content and collaborative approaches enable educators to critically reflect on their teaching practices and implement meaningful changes. These initiatives not only enhance gender sensitivity in education but also contribute to broader societal transformation towards gender equality. This research offers practical insights for institutions looking to bridge policy and practice through GEPs, ensuring lasting impact in higher education and fostering equitable, inclusive learning environments. Keywords: curricula; gender; GEP; higher education; STEM Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9969 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Longitudinal Associations Between Perceived Inclusivity Norms and Opinion Polarization in Adolescence File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10122 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10122 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10122 Author-Name: Maor Shani Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany / Faculty of Social Sciences, Ariel University, Israel Author-Name: Marjorie Berns Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany Author-Name: Lucy Bergen Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany Author-Name: Stefanie Richters Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany Author-Name: Kristina Krämer Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany Author-Name: Sophie de Lede Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany Author-Name: Maarten van Zalk Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Psychology, Osnabrück University, Germany Abstract: Affective polarization, characterized by emotional hostility and behavioral avoidance toward ideological opponents beyond mere policy disagreements, can pose a significant threat to social cohesion. However, this phenomenon remains relatively unexplored in adolescence. This longitudinal study investigates whether perceived inclusivity norms—emphasizing equality‐based respect, open and constructive dialogue, and communal unity—reduce opinion‐based affective polarization among adolescents. Using a sample of 839 students from two demographically distinct German secondary schools (grades 7–11), we developed and validated measures of polarization tailored to adolescents, capturing dialogue orientation and social distance toward ideological outgroups. Results revealed stable ideological subgroup differences in norms and attitudes, with conservative students exhibiting lower descriptive and prescriptive inclusivity norms and higher affective polarization compared to their liberal peers. However, a significant proportion of adolescents demonstrated fluid political orientations over time, highlighting the malleability of early political identities. Cross‐lagged analyses showed no evidence that inclusivity norms directly reduce affective polarization, although early dialogue orientation significantly predicted greater social openness in diverse settings. Our findings advance the understanding of adolescent political identity development by demonstrating that while ideological orientations remain unstable during this period, group‐based differences in norm perceptions and polarization tendencies are already evident. We emphasize how this developmental fluidity presents both opportunities and challenges for interventions, suggesting that effective depolarization strategies must account for the distinct characteristics of adolescent political socialization and the varying influence of school‐based normative contexts. Keywords: adolescents; affective polarization; dialogue; inclusivity norms; political intolerance; political polarization; school norms; social distance; social norms Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10122 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: An Extended Policy Analysis of Flemish Universities’ Intersectional Commitments to Sexually Transgressive Behaviour File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9966 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9966 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9966 Author-Name: Sofie Avery Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Philosophy, University of Antwerp, Belgium / Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Author-Name: Sarah Van de Velde Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Belgium Author-Name: Sigrid Sterckx Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium Author-Name: Jen Remnant Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Work, Employment and Organisation, University of Strathclyde, UK Abstract: The prevention and follow‐up of (sexually) transgressive behaviour (STB) are included as priorities in the Gender Charter signed by all Flemish universities and in their GEPs. Moreover, since 2022, testimonies of STB at Flemish universities have garnered significant media attention. Consequently, the universities have faced increased societal and legislative pressure to develop better organisational policies relating to STB. This article interrogates these revised organisational documents by employing an extended policy analysis. The ‘extended’ nature of this analysis relates to the expansive approach we have taken to defining policy: instead of focusing exclusively on organisational policy documents, our analysis locates the use of policy in conjunction with other information sources and organisational commitments, produced for varied audiences. Our analysis has been informed by intersectionality, and special attention was paid to (absence of) language referring to oppression, discrimination, and minoritised identities. The analysis yielded the following results: First, there is a clear division between “aspirational” policy commitments to intersectionality and their operationalisation in “procedural” policy documents; policy discussion on STB is largely identity‐neutral; and STB and discrimination are presented as separate forms of transgressive behaviour, while their intersection remains unrecognised. We argue that current procedural policy on STB ignores the unequal distribution of exposure to STB and obscures identity‐related experiences, especially intersectional experiences. As a result, the identity‐neutrality of STB procedures could frustrate efforts to create a more gender‐equal environment, especially for multiply minoritised staff and students. Keywords: Flemish universities; gender; higher education; intersectionality; policy; sexually transgressive behaviour Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9966 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Adoption of the Gender Equality Plan as a Model for Institutional Transformation File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9958 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9958 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9958 Author-Name: Roman Kuhar Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Milica Antić Gaber Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Author-Name: Jasna Podreka Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract: This article examines the development and implementation of the Gender Equality Plan (GEP) at the Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana—the first faculty in Slovenia to adopt such a framework. Using the feminist institutionalist perspective, the study explores the interaction between external top‐down pressures, such as the European Commission’s Horizon Europe mandate, and internal bottom‐up initiatives driven by long‐standing debates on gender‐sensitive language and the Slovenian #MeToo movement. Through a qualitative analysis of institutional documents, personal reflections, and project reports, this article highlights the role of critical actors in promoting institutional change. By illustrating the interplay between external mandates and grassroots advocacy, the article argues that meaningful institutional transformation requires both structural change and internal commitment. The findings offer a model for implementing GEPs in academic institutions, emphasizing the importance of aligning policy requirements with institutional practices to ensure sustainable and effective gender equality initiatives. Keywords: #MeToo movement; critical actors; feminist institutionalism; Gender Equality Plans; gender‐sensitive language; institutional reform; sexual harassment Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9958 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Navigating Conflicting Interests: The Role of Gender Competent Management for Effective Gender Equality Plans File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9992 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9992 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9992 Author-Name: Angela Wroblewski Author-Workplace-Name: Social Cohesion and Polarization, Institute for Advanced Studies, Austria Author-Name: Karin Grasenick Author-Workplace-Name: Convelop—Cooperative Knowledge Design (Gmbh), Austria Abstract: The Horizon Europe mandate requiring Gender Equality Plans (GEPs) for funding eligibility has initiated a veritable wave of documented initiatives across research performing organisations (RPOs). While this development signifies a progressive step towards institutional gender equality, there is a growing concern that these plans may become mere formalities without proper resource allocation and genuine commitment from leadership. Research has demonstrated that management commitment, support, and active involvement are crucial for successful GEP implementation. Additionally, the effective implementation of GEPs depends on the collaboration between gender‐competent management and gender expertise to navigate and reconcile conflicting interests and expectations. However, the current discourse lacks a precise definition of gender‐competent management and gender expertise and an in‐depth exploration of their interaction to facilitate a sustainable structural change within RPOs. This article addresses a critical gap in the literature: how gender‐competent management and gender expertise interact to implement effective GEPs and overcome institutional tensions. Derived from a reflexive approach grounded in a full policy cycle, we propose a detailed definition of gender‐competent management and gender expertise. Using examples from EU‐funded projects, we illustrate how these elements contribute to resolving conflicting expectations and structural barriers to equality. Finally, we offer recommendations based on our analysis to guide future GEP implementation contributing to sustainable structural change. Keywords: gender competence; Gender Equality Plans; management; structural change Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9992 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Opting Back In: Chinese Women’s Professional Success and the Support of Grandparent Caregivers File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9502 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9502 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9502 Author-Name: Chi Xu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China Author-Name: Xiaotao Wang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Sociology, Nanjing Normal University, China Abstract: In Chinese families, child‐rearing responsibilities predominantly fall on mothers, reinforcing an unequal gender division of labor within the household and placing women in a vulnerable position in the labor market. To balance work and family, many mothers rely on additional childcare support, with grandparents serving as the most critical source of assistance. This study examines the impact of grandparental childcare on maternal labor market outcomes in China, with a focus on differences between only‐child mothers and those with siblings, as only‐child mothers often benefit from greater access to support from their own parents due to their unique position as sole offspring. Using data from six waves of the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this study reveals three key findings: (a) both maternal and paternal grandparental childcare significantly boost women’s labor market outcomes; (b) only‐child mothers are more likely to receive childcare support from maternal grandparents; and (c) the positive effects of grandparental childcare on labor market outcomes are particularly pronounced for only‐child mothers, especially when the support comes from maternal grandparents. This study underscores the vulnerable position of working mothers, particularly those with young children, while demonstrating how the advantages of being an only daughter extend into adulthood. It offers new insights into how evolving family structures, shaped by China’s one‐child policy, continue to influence maternal employment and broader labor market dynamics. Keywords: China; family structure; grandparental childcare; labor market outcomes; only‐child mothers in China Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Field Study: How Are Vulnerable Children in China Developing Through Sport‐Based Social Projects? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9367 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9367 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9367 Author-Name: Zichen Zhuang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, China Author-Name: Xi Yang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Physical Education and Equestrian, Wuhan Business University, China Author-Name: Xiaolong Chen Author-Workplace-Name: College of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, China Author-Name: Hongjiang Wang Author-Workplace-Name: College of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, China Abstract: According to a UNICEF report, there are 65.17 million children living in poverty‐stricken areas of China, accounting for 21.9% of the national child population. Authorities focus on economic aid and basic safety protection for vulnerable children but lack support in psychological, emotional, and social areas. While international scholars have recognized sports‐based social projects (SBSPs) as an effective tool for promoting child development, there is limited research on the role of SBSPs in advancing vulnerable children’s development in China. To provide empirical data on the outcomes of SBSPs in China and discuss their mechanisms and conditions, the author conducted a field study of a project called “Angel” in the suburbs of Beijing. Through 101 hours of observation and 17 hours of in‐depth interviews, the thematic analysis revealed five core themes: initial backgrounds, developmental challenges, collective life, sport activities, and growth. The study found that these children, with backgrounds of poor education, isolation, and poverty, exhibited Developmental Challenges such as weak social skills, cognitive limitations, and low psychological capital. However, through collective life, social interactions, educational management, independent living experiences, and sports opportunities, they showed improvements in responsibility, social skills, and optimism. The study also explored the fulfillment of basic psychological needs in sports and collective life, offering theoretical support for the role of SBSPs in promoting child development. Keywords: basic psychological needs; child development; sport‐based social projects; thematic analysis; vulnerable children Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9367 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Gaining Insight Into EU’s Social and Solidarity Economy Role via Strategic Policy Documents Analysis File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10064 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10064 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10064 Author-Name: Márcia R. C. Santos Author-Workplace-Name: University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal / Intrepid Lab, Universidade Lusófona, Portugal / CETRAD, Portugal Author-Name: Sandrina B. Moreira Author-Workplace-Name: Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Portugal / Business Research Unit (BRU‐IUL), University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE‐IUL), Portugal / RESILIENCE, Portugal Abstract: This study examined European Union institutions’ strategic policy documents and social and solidarity economy (SSE) concepts to gain a bird’s‐eye view of the topics being dealt with in EU strategies. The research also included assessing the SSE’s role (i.e., its presence, absence, and relative importance) in policy and program instruments developed to meet challenges such as (un)employment, poverty, social inclusion, local development, community sustainability, and ecological transitions. Automated text mining techniques were applied to 74 EU policy documents to cluster employment, social affairs, and inclusion policies, and explore the SSE’s most critical—or potential—role. The results have important policy implications and suggest future research directions. Keywords: EU policy; European Union; social economy; strategic policy document; text mining; VOSviewer Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10064 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Regional Disparities in Spanish Social Services: An Empirical Assessment Through the European Pillar of Social Rights File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10175 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10175 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10175 Author-Name: Miguel-Angel Mateo-Pérez Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work and Social Services, University of Alicante, Spain Author-Name: Fernando de‐Lucas Murillo‐de‐la‐Cueva Author-Workplace-Name: Interuniversity Institute for Social Development and Peace (IUDESP), University of Alicante, Spain Abstract: Our study aims to develop the set of key indicators proposed by the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) Action Plan for Spain’s 17 autonomous regions, presenting results for the year 2023. Additionally, the article examines whether significant regional differences exist among the Action Plan’s main indicators, controlling the level of development of the public social services system in each autonomous community. An indicator framework was constructed for each of the 17 Spanish autonomous communities (units of analysis), including (a) the intensity of protection provided by public social services, measured through the Social Services Development Index, and (b) the three main dimensions of the EPSR, assessed through 17 variables. Data sources for these indicators were drawn from official Spanish institutions as well as social organizations. The statistical analysis model employed a combination of parametric and non‐parametric procedures to ensure methodological robustness and data triangulation. Results indicate that lifelong learning and employment rates in Spanish regions remain below the European targets set for 2030. Conversely, digital skills among the adult population and the percentage of young people not in employment, education, or training (NEET) have either surpassed or are close to European standards. The study concludes that regions with a “strong” public social services system exhibit significantly lower risks of poverty and social exclusion among the general population, as well as expanded opportunities for young people. Keywords: European Pillar of Social Rights; regional analysis; social policies; social services; Spain Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10175 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Accessing Social Rights for Vulnerable Groups Without an Address File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10132 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10132 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10132 Author-Name: Lotte Lammens Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Social Law, KU Leuven, Belgium Author-Name: Laure-lise Robben Author-Workplace-Name: LUCAS, KU Leuven, Belgium / Centre for Sociological Research (CeSO), KU Leuven, Belgium Abstract: The European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) underscores the importance of ensuring access to rights and services for marginalized groups. However, in many European countries, access to social rights depends on prerequisites often unattainable for vulnerable groups. A critical barrier is the requirement to provide proof of address, a condition that disproportionately affects people experiencing homelessness (PEH). While the Homeless Bill of Rights recognizes the right to a postal address as a potential remedy to this issue, empirical research suggests this right remains largely inaccessible in practice. Furthermore, the literature highlights that welfare conditionality increasingly restricts access to social rights, as the imposition of stringent eligibility criteria and punitive measures for non‐compliance disproportionately impacts vulnerable groups. This study investigates the intersection of legal and sociological perspectives on access to social rights for individuals without a fixed abode, focusing on one case study: “the reference address.” This alternative registration enables PEH to meet the proof‐of‐address requirement for social benefits in Belgium. Moreover, this study assesses how this policy aligns with international human rights standards, including the European Social Charter (ESC) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), and whether it adequately meets the needs of their target group. Based on the evaluation of both the “law in books” and “law in practice,” a comprehensive review of the reference address is necessary to address discrepancies both in legislation, and between legislation and implementation, to consider less stringent conditionality, and ensure an inclusive procedure containing effective legal remedies. Keywords: access to rights; homelessness; no fixed abode; social rights; vulnerable groups Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Adaptations in Youths’ Willingness to Be Spatially Mobile: Influence of Status Aspirations and Regional Disparities File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9880 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9880 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9880 Author-Name: Linda Hoffmann Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), Germany Abstract: Spatial mobility is key to facilitating successful transitions into vocational education and training (VET), especially for youths from disadvantaged regions. In line with the agency‐structure framework, the decision to become mobile is conceptualized as an adaptive strategy that young people employ to achieve their goals when faced with persistent challenges or regional barriers. This study investigates how youths applying for VET adapt their willingness to be spatially mobile over time. It examines the influence of occupational status aspirations and the regional opportunity structure on this decision‐making process. Using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), multilevel growth curve models are estimated to analyze adaptations in the mobility radius of VET applicants over up to three years (? = 1,017). To assess the regional opportunity structure, small‐scale administrative geospatial data on the availability of youths’ aspired occupations are used as an individualized indicator of regional mismatch. The results show that VET applicants’ willingness to be mobile increases over time. High‐status aspirations are consistently associated with a greater willingness to be mobile, largely independent of search duration or regional mismatch. Conversely, VET applicants with lower status aspirations exhibit notable adaptations, adjusting their mobility radius, particularly in response to increasing search duration or regional mismatch. These findings highlight the complex interplay between individual aspirations and the regional opportunity structure in shaping adaptations in the willingness to become mobile of unsuccessful VET applicants. Keywords: agency and structure; regional disparities; school‐to‐VET transitions; spatial mobility; status aspirations Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9880 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Role of Contexts in Educational and Employment Transitions and Pathways of Young People File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10698 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10698 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10698 Author-Name: Alexandra Wicht Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), Germany / University of Siegen, Germany Author-Name: Oliver Winkler Author-Workplace-Name: Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Germany Author-Name: Mona Granato Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), Germany Author-Name: Alexandra Nonnenmacher Author-Workplace-Name: Worms University of Applied Sciences, Germany Abstract: Young people’s educational and employment pathways are shaped by the social contexts in which they are embedded. While past research has often emphasized individual characteristics, this thematic issue highlights the decisive role of contextual factors—including regional disparities, institutional arrangements, and socio‐economic structures—in influencing opportunities and transitions. Drawing on national and comparative perspectives, the contributions examine how educational systems, labour markets, and regional and local environments affect schooling outcomes, vocational training access, aspirations, and early career trajectories. Special attention is given to vulnerable groups such as refugee students, young women, and persons with disabilities, showing how contexts structure (dis)advantages and cumulative inequalities. Together, these studies offer valuable insights for research and policymaking. The findings stress the importance of targeted policy interventions addressing contextual disparities, curriculum reforms, and inclusive measures for disadvantaged groups. Keywords: career entry; contexts; education system; labor market; pathways; transitions; youth Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10698 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Effectiveness of Active Labour Market Policies for Long‐Term Unemployed Jobseekers in Flanders File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10149 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10149 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10149 Author-Name: Jonas Wood Author-Workplace-Name: Sociology Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium Author-Name: Julie Maes Author-Workplace-Name: Sociology Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium Author-Name: Karel Neels Author-Workplace-Name: Sociology Department, University of Antwerp, Belgium Abstract: Despite the fact that many European countries in the post‐pandemic period exhibit relatively low unemployment rates similar to the late 2010s, population ageing and labour shortages urge European policy‐makers to increasingly aim to also activate the remaining hard‐to‐employ unemployed such as long‐term unemployed groups. In the context of transitions to sustainable development and digitalization, a socially inclusive activation requires a wide array of activation programmes (including training, internships, or job search assistance), but also monitoring of whether such programmes are effective for more vulnerable population subgroups. Therefore, this study applies dynamic propensity score matching and hazard models to population‐wide administrative data for all long‐term unemployed jobseekers in Flanders (Belgium) between 2015–2022 to study their enrolment and the effectiveness of participation in a wide range of active labour market policies (ALMP) provided by the Flemish public employment service: labour market orientation, job search assistance, application and job interview training, and human capital programmes. Our findings highlight the continued enrolment of long‐term unemployed jobseekers in activation policies, demonstrating continuous support for labour market (re‐)entry. Additionally, the positive effects of participation on employment outcomes emphasize the importance of expanding and tailoring activation measures to ensure equitable opportunities for long‐term unemployed jobseekers. Keywords: active labour market policy; Flanders; long‐term unemployment; programme evaluation Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10149 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: How Can Gender‐Related SDP Programmes Enhance Gender Inclusion? A Scoping Review File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9369 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9369 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9369 Author-Name: Wanmeng Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: Independent Scholar, China Author-Name: Qi Zhang Author-Workplace-Name: School of Physical Education, Yanshan University, China Author-Name: Gen Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, China Abstract: Since the emergence of Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) programmes in the early 21st century, these initiatives have become a global effort to leverage sport in addressing social challenges and advancing the SDGs, with the promotion of gender equality (Goal 5) being one of their key objectives. In male‐dominated sports environments, both women and sexual and gender minorities (SGM) face persistent barriers such as gender stereotypes, exclusion, inequitable regulations, and discrimination, highlighting the critical need for interventions that promote gender inclusivity. While some studies have examined the role of SDP programmes in promoting gender inclusion, the field remains fragmented and largely overlooks SGM. There is also a lack of systematic analysis of how SDP programmes specifically impact the inclusion of women and SGM. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of 18 academic articles on SDP programmes that focus on gender inclusivity, employing thematic analysis to categorise findings based on research contexts, contents, methods, and outcomes. By synthesising existing literature, this article seeks to map the development of this emerging field, identify existing contributions and ongoing challenges, and provide insights to enhance the effectiveness of future SDP initiatives in promoting gender inclusion. Findings suggest that while some SDP programmes can empower women and SGM, their effectiveness is often constrained by structural inequalities and varying programme designs. Our review also identifies gaps in long‐term evaluation and inclusivity for diverse gender identities. Keywords: females in sports; gender; gender in sports; LGBTQ+; social inclusion; Sport for Development and Peace Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9369 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Physical Activity and Sport to Fight Social Isolation Among Houseless People in “Northtown” (France) File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9312 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9312 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9312 Author-Name: Julie Duflos Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sporting Activities, Polytechnic University of Hauts de France, France Author-Name: Williams Nuytens Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sporting Activities, University of Artois, France / University of Lille, France Abstract: This article examines the impacts of a physical activity program on individuals in extreme poverty and facing social isolation in a French city we called Northtown. The findings are based on an ethnographic approach conducted between 2022 and 2023: Forty‐three session observations, twelve biographical interviews, and four structured interviews were conducted. The article first identifies the mechanisms leading to social destabilization or breakdown among the participants. Their life trajectories are analyzed to understand the construction of their social isolation, highlighting the impact of life experiences and social conditions on this situation. Due to their difficult pasts, participants are anchored in the present and find bodily engagement in physical activity sessions. These moments provide temporary escape and a form of recognition but the effects are ephemeral. After the sessions, they return to their reality marked by isolation and persistent difficulties. Physical activities offer momentary security, distraction, and relief but they cannot compensate for the lasting impacts of their life experiences as they do not address the underlying issues of their isolation and distress. Keywords: France; houselessness; life trajectory; physical activities; precarity; social isolation; sports Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Can Educational Policy Influence Major Choices in Higher Education Through Changes in School Curriculum? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9638 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9638 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9638 Author-Name: Norbert Sendzik Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi), Germany Author-Name: Melinda Erdmann Author-Workplace-Name: Berlin Social Science Center (WZB), Germany Author-Name: Marcel Helbig Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories (LIfBi), Germany Abstract: The impact of high school curriculum reforms on students’ major choices in higher education remains an underexplored field, despite their potential role in shaping workforce composition, economic development, and social mobility. This study addresses this gap by examining the varying emphasis on compulsory school subjects across German states. We focus on non‐core subjects that vary significantly in importance across states (civic education) or that are part of the curriculum in some states but not in others (economics and computer science). These subjects are increasingly recognized as essential for fostering democratic values, economic understanding, and digital literacy, which also shape students’ career aspirations and educational trajectories, ultimately contributing to a skilled workforce and potentially reducing the shortage of skilled labor. Using a novel dataset documenting state‐specific introduction of compulsory courses and instructional time from 1995 to 2018, we analyze their influence on major choice. This dataset is linked with German higher education register data to assess whether increased compulsory instruction time and the introduction of compulsory courses affect students’ subsequent major choices. For our analyses, we employed two‐way fixed effects models to examine whether changes in the curriculum led to changes in major choices. Our results indicate small but positive effects of additional compulsory hours in civic education and economics on related major choices. However, our findings for computer science courses remain inconclusive. These results, along with the methodological limitations identified, highlight the need for further research on the long‐term educational implications of school curriculum reforms. Keywords: civic education; computer science; curriculum reform; economics; educational context; educational policy; major choice Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9638 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Preparing Transitions: The Impact of Vocational Role Models on Occupational Aspirations Within Social Contexts File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9798 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9798 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9798 Author-Name: Eva Böhle Author-Workplace-Name: VET Research and Monitoring Department, Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Germany / Department of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Germany Author-Name: Janina Beckmann Author-Workplace-Name: VET Research and Monitoring Department, Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Germany Author-Name: Mona Granato Author-Workplace-Name: VET Research and Monitoring Department, Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Germany Abstract: The formation of occupational aspirations, an important prerequisite of successful school‐to‐work transitions, is embedded in different social contexts, including youths’ families and peers. At the same time, adolescents are guided by various career orientation activities, including vocational role models, that provide them with information on available career options and stimulate career decision‐making. In this study, we combine both strands of research and examine how vocational role model effects unfold in the different social contexts that students are embedded in, potentially enabling or constraining intervention effects. Based on a large‐scale role model intervention study comprising 1,190 students in Germany, we first examine how peer and family contexts are associated with students’ occupational aspirations as key dimensions of social influence. Our results show that both peer and parental social contexts are related to students’ career aspirations, with descriptive peer norms and injunctive peer and parent norms being the most relevant. Second, we show that unique encounters with vocational role models are, on average, related to increased occupational aspirations for the presented occupation, extending previous empirical findings to the VET context. Third, we examine whether and how role modelling interacts with students’ social embeddedness. We do not find statistically significant interactions between the examined social contexts and the role model intervention. Hence, role model effects apply even in contexts that convey strong norms. Nevertheless, we find subtle patterns suggesting that role model effects are more pronounced when peers convey adverse norms and less knowledge regarding an occupation and when peers’ self‐efficacy is high. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Keywords: career orientation; intervention; occupational aspirations; role models; social contexts Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9798 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social‐Sportive Work and Local Policy: Reflections From the Flemish Case File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9383 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9383 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9383 Author-Name: Shana Sabbe Author-Workplace-Name: HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Belgium Author-Name: Luc De Droogh Author-Workplace-Name: HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Belgium Author-Name: Carmen Leenknecht Author-Workplace-Name: HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Belgium Author-Name: Annick Verstraete Author-Workplace-Name: HOGENT University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Belgium Abstract: Social‐sportive work (SSW) in Flanders operates at the intersection of sport, welfare, and youth work, aiming to enhance accessibility and social inclusion through alternative sporting initiatives. Despite its growing prominence, SSW faces challenges in gaining recognition within local policy structures, which often remain rigid and compartmentalised. This study explores the perspectives of local government officials on the relationship between SSW and local policy. Drawing on a qualitative case study approach, the research was conducted across two Flemish cities between November 2021 and April 2022. The findings support previous research on the tension between the hybrid nature of SSW and the rigid nature of policy structures. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the role of personal affinities, professional backgrounds, and political mandates of local government officials in determining the extent of support for SSW as well as the need for a broader discussion on creating transversal local policy cultures, next to local policy structures. Keywords: Flanders; local policy; qualitative research; social‐sportive work; sport‐for‐all Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9383 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Do Municipal Factors Influence the Type of Schooling Newly Arrived Refugees Receive? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9505 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9505 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9505 Author-Name: Gisela Will Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Germany Author-Name: Regina Becker Author-Workplace-Name: Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Germany Abstract: In the context of refugee immigration in the mid‐2010s, a considerable number of adolescents of compulsory school age came to Germany. This group of lateral entrants to the German school system is more frequently enrolled in less demanding school types and often taught in separate classes. Previous research suggests that, in addition to individual and family‐related factors, educational policy regulations at the federal‐state level impact the schooling of refugees. However, these regulations are relatively abstract, leaving the individual municipalities considerable room for implementation. Furthermore, the associated administrative regulations can vary greatly between districts and might affect school integration differently. Yet, the influence that such municipal‐level factors have on refugees’ educational participation has hardly been quantitatively researched. We analyse whether conditions at the municipal level correlate with the school type and class type attended by refugees. We expect education‐related municipal resources, but also local experience with immigrants, to be important. Applying multivariate multilevel models, we test these assumptions with data from the ReGES study regarding 1,879 adolescent refugees. The results show that the more refugee pupils there are in the municipality, the more likely it is that pupils will be educated in a separate class for newcomers. In most cases, examining the further hypotheses shows the assumed direction of the relationships, but they are not statistically significant. Overall, municipal factors only contribute to a very small extent to explaining the schooling of lateral entrants in our analyses. Possible explanations for this are discussed in the conclusion. Keywords: educational participation; lateral entrants; municipal context; newcomer classes; refugees; secondary schools Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9505 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Vocational Pathways to Higher Education: Real or False Chances? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9783 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9783 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9783 Author-Name: Claudia Schuchart Author-Workplace-Name: School of Education, University of Wuppertal, Germany Author-Name: Benjamin Schimke Author-Workplace-Name: School of Education, University of Wuppertal, Germany Abstract: In this study, we examine whether vocational pathways to a higher education entrance certificate (HEEC) via upper secondary vocational schools lead to wages in the first five years of the occupational career that are comparable to the wages achieved after following the “royal roads” in general education, which lead directly to HEEC. We derive hypotheses on wage differences and the reasons for these differences from classical labour market theories such as human capital theory and labour queue theory, which we test using the German NEPS‐SC6‐ADIAB study with 1,256 male and 1,197 female employees. Applying multilevel regression analyses and Kitagawa‐Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition analyses, we find that graduates from direct pathways earn between 12% (men) and 18% (women) higher wages than graduates from vocational pathways to HEEC. For both men and women, these lower wage levels for the members of the latter group are first of all due to the lower level of their further educational attainments (vocational training/university [of applied science] degree) and school‐related competencies. Furthermore, female graduates from vocational pathways are more likely to be overqualified for their jobs and have less access to better‐paying “closed” occupations than graduates from direct pathways. We conclude that vocational pathways to HEEC cannot fully compensate for disadvantages in labour market opportunities that arise due to an early stratified educational system, and the extent to which they can be compensated is not the same for men and women. Keywords: occupational career; returns to education; upper secondary education; vocational schools Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9783 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Regional Disparities, Geographical Marginality, and Educational Pathways: A Study on Upper Secondary Education in Italy File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9555 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9555 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9555 Author-Name: Stefano Cantalini Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Italy Author-Name: Nazareno Panichella Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Italy Author-Name: Andrea Pietrolucci Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Italy Author-Name: Moris Triventi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Italy Abstract: This study examines the role of geographical location for educational outcomes in Italy, analysing variations between “central” and “marginal” areas in high school enrolment, dropout rates, and academic track placement. Drawing on data from the Italian Labour Force Survey (2005–2014) and INVALSI (2017–2018 and 2018–2019), the findings indicate that geographical marginality is only moderately associated with educational outcomes, especially in comparison to the more pronounced South–North divide. The analysis of non‐enrolment reveals notable regional variations. In marginal areas of the North, non‐enrolment in five‐year secondary programmes is often offset by a higher prevalence of enrolment in three‐year vocational schools. Conversely, the findings suggest a “protective effect” of marginality in southern regions, where students in marginal areas exhibit lower dropout rates and a higher likelihood of enrolling in the academic track compared to their peers in central areas. The results indicate that in the South, geographical marginality accentuates the dichotomy between non‐enrolment and academic track enrolment, particularly favouring the choice of enrolling in a lyceum over other options. Keywords: geographical inequalities; geographical marginality; inequality of educational opportunities; Italy; tracking; upper secondary education Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9555 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Breaking False Polarization: How Information on Descriptive Norms Mitigates Worry Rooted in Polarization (Mis)perceptions File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9904 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9904 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9904 Author-Name: Tom Nijs Author-Workplace-Name: ERCOMER, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Abstract: Worry about polarization in society, particularly around the topic of immigration, is widespread despite the lack of substantial evidence supporting the existence of actual polarization of attitudes. This study explores whether this widespread “polarization panic” can be attributed to misperceptions of the descriptive norm, more specifically, to overestimations of polarization in society, a phenomenon known as false polarization. I investigated whether Dutch participants were more worried about polarization when they perceived stronger polarization in immigration attitudes due to a misperception of attitudinal extremity as the descriptive norm and whether correcting their misperceptions with accurate information about the actual descriptive norm reduced this association. A pre‐registered survey‐embedded experiment (N = 925) revealed that the significant positive relationship between perceptions of polarization and polarization worry disappeared when participants were provided with accurate information about the descriptive norm in society. However, this effect was only observed among participants who realized and acknowledged that they overestimated the differences in attitudes. These results suggest that during times of widespread media reports on alarming increases in polarization, informing individuals about the actual descriptive norm can alleviate worry amongst those who overestimate polarization. This approach could potentially facilitate respectful dialogue about the hotly debated topic of immigration. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this strategy hinges on ensuring that the descriptive norm is correctly interpreted, leading individuals to realize that their worry was based on misperceptions. Keywords: descriptive norms; false polarization; perceived polarization; polarization worry Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9904 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Promoting Social Inclusion Through Sport: A Case Study of Uyghur Youth in China File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9409 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9409 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9409 Author-Name: Hongxin Li Author-Workplace-Name: College of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, China Author-Name: Yunchao Bai Author-Workplace-Name: Global Talent Development Center, Civil Aviation Management Institute of China, China / Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, USA Author-Name: John Nauright Author-Workplace-Name: School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, USA Abstract: This study examines the role of sports as a means of promoting social inclusion among Uyghur youth in China, drawing upon social inclusion theory. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, we explored the perspectives of Uyghur youth athletes to gain insight into the challenges they face in achieving social inclusion without feeling “othered” or excluded. Data analysis followed an inductive grounded theory approach, identifying first‐order concepts, second‐order themes, and aggregate theoretical dimensions. Our findings reveal that social inclusion of Uyghur youth through sports participation is influenced by multiple factors, including language barriers, stereotypes, cultural differences, high expectations, and government policies. Despite these challenges, engaging in sports has enabled Uyghur youth to foster friendships, build confidence, and adapt more effectively to new environments, highlighting the potential of sports as a powerful tool for promoting social inclusion among marginalized groups. Keywords: China; minorities; social inclusion; sport; Uyghur Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9409 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Exploring the Futures of Datafied Welfare State Education: Thematic Analysis of Sociotechnical Imaginaries File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10087 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10087 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10087 Author-Name: Lauri Palsa Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Author-Name: Janne Fagerlund Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Author-Name: Pekka Mertala Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Abstract: Technological developments have inspired many scholars and other professionals to envision the possibilities that digital data technologies bring to the future of education. However, some aspects of this so‐called datafication may conflict with the local characteristics of education systems. In this study, we investigate the future imaginaries of datafied education in the context of a welfare state education system. By interviewing Finnish experts (N = 25) from various sectors, we looked beyond official policies to explore the multi‐perspective views of national‐level stakeholders. Through a thematic analysis, we constructed four 1st order sociotechnical imaginaries that illustrate the anticipated impacts of datafication on education, specifically that it makes education (a) easier and (b) more coherent, (c) maximises learning, and (d) enhances visibility. However, some future visions involve recognising and assessing the consequences of the 1st order imaginaries. These 2nd order imaginaries broaden the spectrum of perspectives and highlight the pluralism of educational futures. Thus, the results did not give rise to a single coherent or holistic “imaginary” of datafied education but, instead, highlighted different aspects of datafied education. Through these imaginaries, we were able to identify the key characteristics of the Finnish welfare state education system, such as trust and the strong role of the public sector, that may be subject to negotiation in the datafication process. Through the development of sociotechnical imaginaries, our goal is to create a space for an inclusive debate on the future of education and thereby contribute to the promotion of sustainable development in education. Keywords: datafication; education; experts; imaginary; sociotechnical Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10087 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Unemployment Scarring in the Early Career: Do Skills and Labour Demand Matter? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9530 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9530 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9530 Author-Name: Miriam Hänni Author-Workplace-Name: Swiss Federal University for Vocational Education and Training (SFUVET), Switzerland Author-Name: Irene Kriesi Author-Workplace-Name: Swiss Federal University for Vocational Education and Training (SFUVET), Switzerland Abstract: Rocky school‐to‐work transition processes, characterized by spells of unemployment and education–job mismatch, can have long‐lasting scarring effects on young people and often lead to a loss of income and occupational status. However, the mechanisms that either foster or prevent unemployment scarring are underinvestigated. Our article thus asks whether vocational education and training (VET) diploma holders’ unemployment duration and the probability of status loss at labour market re‐entry are affected by the interplay between occupation‐specific labour demand and young workers’ skill sets acquired in VET. Our theoretical approach combines job search, human capital, and signalling theory with arguments from structural segmentation approaches. Our analyses use complete national register data on VET diploma holders who became unemployed during their early careers. We combine national register data on unemployment spells with register data on education trajectories in Switzerland and occupation‐specific labour demand data. Results from event‐history analyses indicate that unemployment episodes are associated with lower employment chances and higher risk of status loss of VET diploma holders. These general patterns are attenuated by occupation‐specific labour demand and the skills taught in vocational training programmes. Re‐employment chances are higher and the risk of status loss lower when occupation‐specific labour demand is high and few of the accessible job opportunities offer lower status than the job before unemployment. Additionally, we find that workers who trained in occupations imparting large proportions of occupation‐specific skills have a higher re‐employment probability but also face a higher risk of status loss than those who trained in occupations imparting larger proportions of general skills. Our findings indicate a trade‐off between occupation‐specific skills and general skills. Keywords: downward mobility; labour demand; occupational status; skills; unemployment duration; vocational education and training Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9530 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Pathways to Inclusion? Labor Market Entry Trajectories of Persons With Disabilities in Europe File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9603 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9603 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9603 Author-Name: Jonna M. Blanck Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany Author-Name: Christian Brzinsky-Fay Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, Hamburg University, Germany Author-Name: Justin J. W. Powell Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Abstract: Almost a fifth of the population in OECD countries report having a disability and the proportion of students classified as having special educational needs (SEN) has steadily increased over recent decades. While this group faces marginalization in schooling and employment everywhere, there are profound differences in disability‐based disadvantages across countries. However, comparative research on the labor market opportunities of persons with disabilities (PwDs) remains limited, especially regarding school‐to‐work transitions (STWT) that are crucial for subsequent labor market opportunities. Thus, lacking comparative knowledge on how institutional contexts shape these transitions also limits opportunities for policy learning and improvement of supports provided. This study addresses these gaps by analysing longitudinal data from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‐SILC). First, using sequence and cluster analysis, we classify these trajectories and provide an in‐depth analysis of labor market entry patterns for PwDs compared to those without disabilities across 31 European countries. Second, we explore whether the timing of first employment, instability during the STWT, as well as inclusionary or exclusionary transitions vary between these groups and how the disparities between persons with and without disabilities regarding these indicators are related to institutionalized segregation and support structures. Our findings highlight that PwDs usually do not transition more slowly to (some form of) employment, yet they experience more instability and less inclusion during their STWT. Segregation exacerbates disadvantages, whereas institutional support structures reduce the disadvantages youth with disabilities face when these programs actively facilitate pathways to inclusion. Keywords: disability; Europe; European comparisons; inclusion; labor market; pathways; school‐to‐work transition; segregation; sequence analysis; support Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9603 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Inequality at the Transition to Higher Education in Germany: Social Differences by Prior Educational Pathways File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8766 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8766 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8766 Author-Name: Heiko Quast Author-Workplace-Name: German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, Germany Author-Name: Heike Spangenberg Author-Workplace-Name: German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, Germany Author-Name: Hanna Mentges Author-Workplace-Name: German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, Germany Author-Name: Jessica Ordemann Author-Workplace-Name: German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, Germany Author-Name: Sandra Buchholz Author-Workplace-Name: German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies, Germany Abstract: In this article, we assess the importance of alternative pathways via vocational schools and vocational education and training (VET) for social differences in the transition into higher education in Germany. Drawing on data from the DZHW Panel of School Leavers 2018, we use sequence analysis to identify both classical and alternative pathways to obtaining a higher education entrance certificate. We then apply logistic regressions and decomposition techniques to examine the variation in the probability of studying for each pathway compared to the classical pathway through general upper secondary school. Finally, we investigate the underlying reasons for these social differences. We show that the graduates in our analysis take six distinct and socially selective pathways to a higher education entrance certificate, four of which have strong vocational elements. All pathways differ in their study probability: Graduates of almost all alternative educational pathways are less likely to opt for higher education than graduates of the classical pathway. However, this is not solely due to the different composition of graduates in terms of social origin and school performance. Although graduates from less privileged social backgrounds and with lower school performance are disproportionately represented in the alternative pathways, they also differ in their assessment of the costs, benefits, and probabilities of success of investing in higher education. Finally, differences in study probability can be explained by several theoretical mechanisms, the individual explanatory power of which varies according to the pathways. Keywords: educational pathways; Germany; higher education entrance qualification; study decision; vocational schools; vocational education and training Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8766 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: “People Have Nowhere to Go”: Stakeholder Perceptions on Sustainability of Funded Community Sport Programmes File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9315 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9315 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9315 Author-Name: Anees Ikramullah Author-Workplace-Name: Westminster Business School, University of Westminster, UK Author-Name: Niki Koutrou Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Education, Society and Creative Industries, University of Sunderland in London, UK Abstract: Overstated promises of hosting the Olympic Games to deliver sustainable participation legacies have been a common occurrence, and a lesson that the UK did not learn from London 2012. Despite this, schemes like Sportivate that sought to distribute public funds to community intervention initiatives have emerged to promote long‐term engagement in physical activity and sports. This research aims to build further understanding on sport programme/intervention sustainability. Stakeholders of recipient organisations of Sportivate funding through London Sport offered insights on aspects that aid sustainability of their programmes. Semi‐structured interviews took place with 33 board chairs, board members, CEOs, project officers, and coaches positioned at 12 different Sportivate‐funded organisations. For analysis purposes, the organisations that these individuals represented were categorised into Target Achieved and Target Not Achieved to indicate success in meeting Sportivate key performance indicators. Analysis suggests the relevance of policy remodelling, capacity, funding, programme fit, leadership, communication, and social bonds as key areas in achieving sport programme sustainability. However, Target Achieving organisations portray signs of strength in some of these sustainability areas, unlike Target Not Achieving organisations. The complexities of sustainability as a multi‐layered construct provide a starting point for further study, while recognising the relevance of organisation type, capacity, and staff roles in influencing sustainability perceptions. Keywords: community intervention programmes; participation; physical activity; public funding; sustainability Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9315 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Coping with Poverty and Social Exclusion: Promoting Capabilities Through Long‐Term Sports Participation File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8341 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8341 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8341 Author-Name: Lukas Oettle Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Germany Author-Name: Jörg Greiner Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Germany Abstract: Poverty and social exclusion (PaSE) are multifaceted challenges that affect individuals across all stages of life, manifesting as financial deprivation, health inequities, and restricted access to social and economic opportunities. Sports participation offers a promising avenue to mitigate these challenges, providing access to health benefits, social connections, and life skills. This study contributes to the limited body of research on sports programmes for adults affected by PaSE by investigating how long‐term participation in a low‐threshold and diverse sports programme supports them in navigating and coping with their challenges. Drawing on Amartya Sen’s capability approach (CA) as a theoretical framework, biographical‐narrative interviews were conducted with 16 adults who participated in the sports activities of a voluntary sports club (VSC) in Southern Germany for at least one year. The thematic analysis identified three key capabilities fostered through participation: the capability for better coping with daily life, the capability for group belonging and social confidence, and the capability to actively shape physical and mental changes. Crucial conversion factors—such as flexible participation options, reliable programme structures, and a supportive group culture—played a pivotal role in enabling these capabilities and achieving related functionings. By identifying the mechanisms through which the sports programme fosters inclusion and well‐being, this study provides deeper insights of how sports programmes can address the complex needs of individuals experiencing PaSE. These findings provide actionable insights for the design of inclusive and long‐term sports programmes that empower participants to achieve meaningful and self‐determined outcomes. Keywords: capability approach; health; inclusion; social support; poverty; social exclusion; sport for development; voluntary sports club Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Socio‐Economic and Gender Differences in Post‐Secondary Pathways in the UK, Germany, and Australia File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9601 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9601 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9601 Author-Name: Wojtek Tomaszewski Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia / ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Australia Author-Name: Hans Dietrich Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Germany Author-Name: Golo Henseke Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, Practice and Society, University College London, UK Author-Name: Ning Xiang Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Australia / ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Australia Author-Name: Ingrid Schoon Author-Workplace-Name: Social Research Institute, University College London, UK Abstract: This study investigates variations in school‐to‐work transitions (SWTs) by socio‐economic status (SES), gender, and socio‐cultural context. Leveraging data from three nationally representative longitudinal panel studies, we compare the experiences of young people coming of age in the 21st century (2011 to 2023) in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia. We examine the role of different support systems that scaffold the SWT process along various post‐secondary pathways, including university, further education/vocational training, and employment tracks, with a particular focus on variations by parental education and gender. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Understanding Society Panel in the UK (N = 15,692 observations), the German Socio‐Economic Panel (GSOEP; N = 5,464), and the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey (N = 5,759), we track synthetic cohorts born between 1993 and 1995 from ages 18 to 27 in the three countries. We employ linear probability models to conduct a cross‐national comparative analysis, identifying variations in post‐secondary pathways across the three country contexts. The choice of countries is motivated by their shared status as developed economies with distinct features in their SWT systems—contrasting the neoliberal deregulatory frameworks of Britain and Australia with Germany’s employment‐focused dual system. The findings reveal significant effects of parental education on post‐secondary transitions, as well as the differing roles of gender across various educational policy contexts. These results underscore the complexity of SWT when considered in different national settings. The insights generated by this analysis highlight the importance of dedicated policies to support low‐SES youth and promote gender equality in education and employment outcomes. Keywords: Australia; cross‐national comparative analysis; gender; Germany; post‐secondary pathways; school‐to‐work transitions; socio‐economic status; UK Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9601 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Refugee Women’s Transition to VET in Germany: Examining the Role of Gender Norms and Human Capital Endowments File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9559 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9559 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9559 Author-Name: Franziska Meyer Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Germany Abstract: The article examines the extent to which gender roles as well as the human capital resources acquired in the country of origin are associated with refugee women’s chances of taking up vocational education and training (VET) in Germany. It follows the assumption that traditional gender roles, which assign women to the domestic sphere, can affect refugee women’s behavior either directly or through social contacts who impose these roles upon them. Additionally, it argues that the human capital that refugee women acquired in their country of origin can affect the trainers’ decision to hire them as trainees. The focus of the investigation is women between the ages of 18 and 30 who applied for asylum in Germany between 2015 and 2019 and mainly originate from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Iran (N = 945). By applying a piecewise constant exponential model to monthly data from the IAB‐BAMF‐SOEP Survey of Refugees, the analysis shows that neither the women’s endowment with human capital acquired in their country of origin (i.e., level of education and work experience) nor their own gender role attitudes, having children, or the frequency of contact with persons from the same country of origin are significantly associated with their chances of transitioning to VET. Having a partner is, however, associated with almost 60% lower chances of refugee women entering VET. Keywords: gender roles; human capital; Middle Eastern women; migration; refugees; vocational education and training; women Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9559 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Overshadowed By Royal Roads: Vocationally Oriented Middle Schools as Pathways to Higher Education in Switzerland File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8873 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8873 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8873 Author-Name: Raffaella Simona Esposito Author-Workplace-Name: University of Teacher Education Northwestern Switzerland Abstract: In Switzerland, four different educational pathways lead to higher education (HE): baccalaureate schools, upper‐secondary specialized middle schools, vocational middle schools, and dual vocational education and training (VET) combined with a federal vocational baccalaureate. The four pathways are not equally supported by Swiss education policy: Baccalaureate schools and dual VET plus a federal vocational baccalaureate are politically treated as the two royal roads to HE, while specialized middle schools and vocational middle schools, in this study grouped under the term vocationally oriented middle schools (VOMS), receive only little political attention. This holds true even though VOMS have a high transition rate to HE and are considered to have the potential to bring young women into male‐typical HE programs and attract high‐achieving youths with a migration background. The study investigates from a governance perspective how (in practices and processes) the conception of the royal roads to HE is constructed and reproduced as well as how this affects the positioning of VOMS as pathways to HE in Switzerland. The study refers to the theoretical framework of the sociology of conventions and the concept of valuation practices. The data basis consists of publicly available documents and qualitative interviews. The findings show that commensurations, categorizations, visualizations, and the interplay between a variety of human and non‐human actors reinforce two highly stable and powerful cognitive formats of royal roads to HE. At the same time, these same practices construct an image of VOMS as less significant additional pathways to HE by rendering their qualities and potentials as such pathways comparatively invisible or tabooing them in the service of educational policy interests. With these findings, the present study contributes to the international scholarly discussion on permeability between VET and HE. Keywords: governance; higher education; invisibilization; policy; power; royal roads; sociology of conventions; upper‐secondary; valuation practices; VET; vocationally oriented middle schools Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8873 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Overcoming Obstacles? Institutional Support for the Pathways to Higher Education at German Vocational Schools File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8771 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8771 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8771 Author-Name: Nadine Dörffer Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Educational Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany / Leibniz Center for Science and Society, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany Author-Name: Nadine Bernhard Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Educational Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany Abstract: The institutionalization of new types of vocational schools in the 1960s and 1970s aimed to open up the German education system and create new pathways for accessing higher education, particularly for socially disadvantaged students. Today, one‐third of German students with a higher education entrance certificate graduate from vocational schools. However, these graduates are less likely to pursue or succeed in higher education. This raises the question: How do vocational schools support their heterogeneous student body in transitioning to higher education, and to what extent do differences exist between school types? Sociological research has shown that institutional support for and during transitions is crucial for expanding access to education. In particular, organizational structures and practices play a role in the (re)production of social inequality. To analyze these, we apply the concept of institutional permeability, focusing on information and counseling, financial support, learning organization and pedagogy, and school culture. The study draws on problem‐centered interviews with staff from different types of vocational schools in one German federal state, analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The results reveal significant variations in how schools aim to prepare students for higher education. Specifically, students of Fachoberschule face a double disadvantage due to their social background and institutional structures, which hinder their higher education pathways. The lack of personalized support at vocational schools complicates students’ orientation process, placing much of the responsibility on students and a few dedicated teachers. Keywords: Germany; higher education; institutional permeability; institutional support; school types; social background; study orientation; vocational schools Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8771 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: “We Know Best Because Our Skin Is in the Game”: Doing Politics Through DIY Pharmaceuticals File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9037 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9037 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9037 Author-Name: Natasa Stoli Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Klasien Horstman Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Olga Zvonareva Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Health, Ethics & Society, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Abstract: In recent years, critical social science scholarship has expanded our understanding of public participation beyond talk‐based and institutionally organised formats, such as citizen juries and focus groups. Building on these insights and relying on digital ethnography, we studied the practices of an online community of transgender activists producing their own hormones to broaden access to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). We argue that they pursue a political cause related to their gender identity, not by partaking in visible protest movements, but by producing what they deem as superior pharmaceuticals. In the process of DIY hormone production, the community members perform three distinct types of political work: contesting the hierarchy of expertise in biomedical science, moving the locus of pharmaceutical production from big pharmaceutical companies to the household, and producing better pharmaceuticals by focusing on affordability and responsiveness. Thus, this article delineates what public participation may look like in hostile circumstances, where it works around public spaces, maintains its invisibility, and is not directed at openly contesting formal institutions. Keywords: digital ethnography; DIY pharmaceuticals; public participation; science and technology studies; transgender healthcare Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9037 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Body as a Tool for Demanding Climate Action and Justice File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9042 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9042 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9042 Author-Name: Margaret Tilk Author-Workplace-Name: Independent Researcher, Estonia Author-Name: Antje Jacobs Author-Workplace-Name: Research Group TRANSFORM’s Idiosynchratic Inventors Collective, KU Leuven, Belgium / Social Transformation and Education Academic Group, University of Melbourne, Australia Author-Name: Karin Hannes Author-Workplace-Name: Research Group TRANSFORM’s Idiosynchratic Inventors Collective, KU Leuven, Belgium Abstract: The escalating frequency and intensity of natural disasters underscore the urgency of the climate crisis. Against this backdrop, the global climate movement has surged, amplifying awareness of the climate emergency and pressuring governments and corporations to take decisive climate action. In climate manifestations, activists are increasingly using their entire body for/in climate activism, with Extinction Rebellion activists barricading driveways, and Just Stop Oil and Greenpeace activists gluing or tying their bodies to objects. These bodily ways of participating in climate activism have provoked public and political hostility, with concerns being raised about these so‐called “radical” forms of bodily activism. In response to these growing hostilities towards bodily climate activism, this study maps how the body is intimately connected to other actors when performing activism. We conducted interviews with nine European climate activists and, based on their stories, we mapped themes of relational practice of bodily activism. Our findings suggest that the body as a tool for climate activism manifestations is in relation to other material agencies, including (a) the public space, (b) other climate activists, (c) material objects, (d) law enforcement, (e) the general public and media, and (f) climate governance and policy. The body is not a stable and autonomous figure, but a dynamic and ever‐changing political tool through its socio‐spatial configurations that co‐constitute climate activism, making the role of the individual body in climate change activism manifestations elusive. Through its relational transformative collectivity, bodily climate activism proves itself as a valuable form of non‐violent participation in politics. Keywords: bodily activism; climate activism; climate change; embodiment; public participation; social constructivism Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9042 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: From Criminal to Crucial Participation: The Case of Dutch Volunteer Hackers File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8876 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8876 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8876 Author-Name: Anne Marte Gardenier Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Abstract: Since the 1980s, Dutch volunteer hackers have been identifying and disclosing vulnerabilities in computer systems. Initially criminalized, these hackers now play a crucial role in Dutch cybersecurity governance. This article explores the transformation of hackers from criminals to crucial participants and examines what this case reveals about citizen participation in the digital age. The case study demonstrates that citizens can play a pivotal role in addressing challenges posed by digitization, although their contributions can remain unrecognized and constrained by hostile institutions. This article aims to deepen the understanding of various forms of citizen participation in digital society, how institutions can support or constrain them, and how citizens play a central role in shaping these institutions to legitimize their participation. Keywords: cybersecurity; digitization; material participation; technological citizenship; uninvited participation; volunteer hackers Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8876 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Navigating Non‐Invitation: Pro‐Vaccine Choice Communities Amidst Exclusion and Public Participation File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8966 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8966 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8966 Author-Name: Barbara Morsello Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Italy Author-Name: Paolo Giardullo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Italy Abstract: Between 2017 and 2021, specific health policy concerning vaccination in Italy contributed to the “non‐invitation” of pro‐vaccine choice communities to decision‐making processes and public services with significant consequences for their societal life. This situation led to the emergence of new, often barely visible, participatory pathways. This article aims to examine the dynamics of exclusion and participation of pro‐vaccine choice communities in Italy, adopting a science and technology studies (STS) framework that allows us to explore how non‐invitation and participation are deeply entangled. Through digital ethnography and interviews, we investigate how individuals and communities navigate “non‐invitation” and seek alternative avenues for participation. We observe their efforts to contest compulsory vaccination policies and legitimize their claims through political representation and independent scientific research. Despite facing stigmatization and marginalization, they employ various strategies to influence decision‐making processes. However, challenges persist due to public stigmatization and punitive measures. Our findings highlight the nuanced interplay between dissenting perspectives, exclusionary practices, and participatory strategies in public health debates. The study underscores the ambivalence of participatory processes in knowledge societies, where participation and non‐invitation often coexist, shaping the contours of public discourse and policy agendas. Keywords: non‐invitation; participation; social movements; vaccine hesitancy Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8966 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Self‐Organised Practices of Social Participation; or How Individualisation is Collectively Contested in the Raval File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9090 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9090 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9090 Author-Name: Olaf Tietje Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, LMU Munich, Germany Abstract: In this article, I focus on current developments in the Raval district of the Spanish metropolis of Barcelona and show how social participation can be made possible despite hostility. Social participation is the opportunity for subjects to take part in society and, in this way, to experience “belonging to society.” “Belonging to a society” means experiencing both active and passive opportunities to shape and use socially founded and politically constituted community relationships and infrastructures. The example of the Raval shows how neighbours can be activated as a collective through self‐organised practices of social participation. In the context of a welfare state in transformation, social participation is partly being transferred from the state to civil society actors. Focusing on the issues of housing, security, and care, this article shows how, on the one hand, this transferring of responsibility contradicts individualisation and creates something in common. On this basis, the residents can find collective answers to individualised problems and improve social participation. On the other hand, it shifts the weight of social responsibility unto civil society, which means that social participation is no longer guaranteed by the state and, as in the case of the Raval, becomes dependent on more or less randomly developed structures in the social environment. Keywords: Barcelona; collectivising; hostility; neighbourhood; self‐organisation; social environment; social participation; Spain Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9090 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Public Participation in the Time of Covid‐19: Response From the International Disability Movement File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9105 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9105 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9105 Author-Name: Hanxu Liu Author-Workplace-Name: Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Claudia Coveney Author-Workplace-Name: School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, UK Abstract: This article examines attempts by the international disability movement to influence Covid‐19‐related policy by becoming involved in high‐level decision‐making processes and advocacy activities. Global emergencies like the Covid‐19 pandemic limit opportunities for citizen engagement in governance. Like other marginalised groups, persons with disabilities faced increased exclusion in this period, including barriers and lack of opportunities to participate in public decision‐making processes via civil society. The de‐prioritisation of their lives and opinions was evident in many countries’ initial approaches to containment and treatment, contributing to an excess risk of death among persons with disabilities. International legal instruments like the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, ratified by 191 (state) parties, affirm persons with disabilities’ right to participate in all public affairs as crucial for their equality and inclusion. This article defines the scope of public participation of persons with disabilities under international human rights law and employs a document analysis of public and grey literature from civil society organisations and international institutions of governance. This analysis examines the barriers preventing persons with disabilities from participating in Covid‐19‐related policy and decision‐making and explores how a representative organisation—the International Disability Alliance—utilised existing channels and created new spaces to amplify their voices globally. To do this, we utilise the concept of “invited and invented space” and demonstrate the strategic response of the movement to barriers to public participation during the global pandemic. Keywords: Covid‐19; disability rights; emergency policymaking; international disability movement; public participation Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ambivalence and Agonism of Public Participation in Contemporary Societies File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/10095 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.10095 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 10095 Author-Name: Olga Zvonareva Author-Workplace-Name: Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Claudia Egher Author-Workplace-Name: Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Abstract: In this editorial we introduce the thematic issue “Public Participation Amidst Hostility: When the Uninvited Shape Matters of Collective Concern.” The aim of this issue is twofold. First, it takes stock of various ways in which public participation can be hindered, directly and indirectly. Second, it investigates different kinds of participatory practices that emerge in situations of hostility towards public participation. Given that participation in such situations often involves working around formal procedures and public spaces and depends on remaining hidden, particular attention is paid to de‐publicised participatory practices. Overall, the articles in this thematic issue show how hostilities co‐develop with specific participatory practices that, in turn, attune to, navigate, and resist the particular (hostile) circumstances in which they arise. The articles draw attention to the ambivalence and, in some cases, agonistic quality of participatory processes in contemporary societies, where mutually constitutive relations between participation and hostilities towards it shape matters of collective concern, political agendas, and possible futures. Keywords: agonism; barriers to participation; democracy; exclusion; hostilities to participation; non‐democracy; public engagement; public issues; public participation; uninvited participation Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:10095 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Androcentrism and Violence in Online Video Games: Perpetuation of Gender Inequality File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9425 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9425 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9425 Author-Name: Beatriz Esteban-Ramiro Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Labour Law and Social Work, University of Castilla‐La Mancha, Spain Author-Name: Patricia Fernández de Castro Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Labour Law and Social Work, University of Castilla‐La Mancha, Spain Author-Name: Orlanda Díaz-García Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Labour Law and Social Work, University of Castilla‐La Mancha, Spain Abstract: This article aims to offer an analysis of the presence of hate speech, harassment, and cyber‐violence towards women in the interaction within massively multiplayer online video games (MMOs), an act of gender‐based violence perpetrated through new technologies in an environment generally described as androcentric. Filling a gap in the experience in Spain, a qualitative methodology was applied that allowed us to analyse the forms of harassment towards female video gamers, as well as some of the consequences of experiencing these situations for them. A systematic analysis of the discourses was carried out after five focus groups and 15 in‐depth interviews with young people between 18 and 29. Amongst the results, it is worth highlighting that, as occurs in offline reality, in MMOs gender schemas and asymmetric relationships are reproduced that perpetuate gender‐based violence. On the one hand, female gamers affirm that they suffer sexist violence in gaming environments through the use of language focused on physical appearance, hypersexualisation, and undervaluation, and are often considered intruders. On the other hand, they also report experiencing overprotective and paternalistic behaviours. Female gamers sometimes decide to leave their games, or avoid certain types of games apriori, because of toxic behaviours perpetrated by male gamers, which generates feelings of discrimination in their experiences as players, perpetuating androcentric patterns in this sort of environment. Applying a gender approach, this article will examine the social implications of these behaviours in order to propose appropriate social and educational responses. Keywords: cybermisogyny; cybersexism; cyberviolence; gender; hate speech; MMOs; videogames; young people Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9425 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Frames and Triggers of Extreme Speech: The Case of Transphobia File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9379 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9379 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9379 Author-Name: Fabienne Baider Author-Workplace-Name: Department of European Studies, University of Cyprus, Cyprus Abstract: This research explores, from a critical discourse perspective, the following questions: What frames are used to construct transphobic argumentation and its counterargumentation? What triggers the discriminatory comments? Answers to these questions will help in understanding what motivates transphobia and how to improve counterspeech. Our data comprises 1137 annotated comments discussing trans personnel in the UK army. The annotations and our analysis focus on the argumentation used in transphobic speech to construct the topos of threat and its counterspeech. We adopt both a quantitative and a qualitative approach and identify two main argumentative frames (the medical and misfit frames), their counterspeech, which is mainly based on logic and facts, and the triggers of transphobia, namely gender ideology based on binarism as well as the role played by public figures such as politicians in spreading disinformation and prejudice. Our results include suggesting an argumentation schema (argument, premise, conclusion and claim) based on the topos of threat, a schema which may be used in automatic counterspeech. Keywords: counterspeech; misfit and medical frames; argumentation; topos of threat; triggers of transphobia; Trump Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9379 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Hate Speech Directed at Spanish Female Actors: Penélope Cruz—A Case Study File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9250 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9250 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9250 Author-Name: Lucía Tello Díaz Author-Workplace-Name: Arts and Social Sciences Department, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain Author-Name: Lizette Martínez-Valerio Author-Workplace-Name: Journalism and Corporate Communication Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain Abstract: Penélope Cruz is one of the most internationally acclaimed Spanish performers. However, despite her successful career, she is also one of the celebrities subject to most controversy on social media and the most frequent target of hate speech. Although she does not manage her own profile on X (previously Twitter), her name and criticism of her are constant on this platform. The objective of this study is to detect possible hate speech, as well as to categorise it by its intensity and typology. The study analyses the unrestricted comments on X containing the name Penélope Cruz posted during the period between January and June 2023. The methodology utilised is that of quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the comments registered (N = 6,620). One of the chief results is the fact that the majority of the comments classified as hate speech refer to ideological issues (70.9%) and/or are misogynistic (8.9%), among which are the specific allusions to her acting skills and her physical characteristics. The results coincide with other studies in which hate messages directed at actresses are related to their physical appearance. However, they differ in that in this case the main type of hatred is not misogyny, but ideological hatred. The actor is not only accused of being a “communist” and a “hypocrite” for her lifestyle, but also for having used her body to succeed in her profession. Both her physique and intellectual capacity are also subject to hate speech. Most of these messages are based on conjecture, prejudice, and stereotypes. Keywords: hate speech; ideological hatred; misogyny; Penélope Cruz; sexism; Spanish cinema; Twitter Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9250 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Violence, Hate Speech, and Gender Bias: Challenges to an Inclusive Digital Environment File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9941 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9941 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9941 Author-Name: Max Römer-Pieretti Author-Workplace-Name: Communications and Design Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Spain Author-Name: Beatriz Esteban-Ramiro Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Labour Law and Social Work, University of Castilla‐La Mancha, Spain Author-Name: Agrivalca Canelón Silva Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Communication and Information Research, Andrés Bello Catholic University, Venezuela Abstract: This thematic issue examines the complex and current intersection between violence, hate speech, and gender bias in digital environments. It explores how digital spaces (encompassing social networks, news platforms, and online multiplayer games) can both perpetuate and challenge systemic inequalities. Contributions present diverse methodologies, including longitudinal analyses, qualitative studies, and systematic reviews, to uncover the mechanisms underlying digital violence and exclusion. This issue highlights the urgency of addressing digital exclusion to safeguard democratic values and social cohesion. It aims to inspire new research and inform policies that build more inclusive and equitable digital environments, laying the groundwork for future social science research and practice. Keywords: digital environment; equality; gender; hate speech; inclusion; misogyny; multiplayer online games; social media; videogames; violence Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9941 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Fleshing Out the Invisible: Activating Social Empathy Through the Material File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8855 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8855 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8855 Author-Name: Maria Loftus Author-Workplace-Name: School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies, Dublin City University, Ireland Author-Name: Fiona Murphy Author-Workplace-Name: School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies, Dublin City University, Ireland Abstract: This article begins with the material—objects that hold stories, reveal histories, and provoke sensibilities. Ordinary Treasures: Objects From Home is a short film that foregrounds these materialities as a form of everyday activism (Chatterton & Pickerill, 2010), tracing how displaced individuals become visible through what they hold dear. In this cinematic work, international protection applicants and refugees craft an evocative narrative around the singular object each brought from home, invoking “thick solidarity” (Liu & Shange, 2018; Maillot et al., 2023). It is the material—small, mundane, yet profoundly resonant—that animates these narratives and disrupts the apparent divide between what is visible and what is not. The film’s anonymous participants emerge in fragments: hands in motion, shadows cast, voices layering against a backdrop of an original score that samples their stories. This fragmented presence centres both the material and the relationality at its core, revealing the co‐presence of the visible and the unseen, of the tangible and the unspoken. Motivated by rising anti‐immigrant rhetoric in Ireland (Vieten & Poynting, 2022), the film seeks to cultivate “relationships of discomfort” (Boudreau Morris, 2016), unsettling the frames of ignorance and challenging the boundary work of exclusion. This article aims to examine the materialities evoked by the film, the processes of their cinematic articulation, and their impact on audiences. Anchored in shared imaginings, co‐creation, and a desire to foster social empathy, Ordinary Treasures becomes an uneasy yet vital form of solidarity (Roediger, 2016). It stands as a creative interruption, offering an alternative vision of everyday activism in an Ireland grappling with the rise of populism. In this article, we will trace how these materialities themselves give rise to theoretical frameworks, shaping and reshaping our understanding of their entanglements. These are not static systems but emergent dynamics, unsettling assumptions and holding space for new solidarities to form. Keywords: celebrating the ordinary; co‐design; materiality of displacement; participatory filmmaking; thick solidarity Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8855 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Citizen Participation in Healthy City Making: An Analysis of Infrastructural Work in a Low‐Income City Area File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9041 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9041 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9041 Author-Name: Mare Knibbe Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Sanne Raap Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Author-Name: Klasien Horstman Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Health Medicine and Lifesciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Abstract: Despite a strong participatory discourse on the healthy city movement, researchers and activists indicate that low‐income groups and city areas often are excluded from participatory urban development and do not benefit from healthy city policies. To better understand the challenges that citizens who promote a healthy urban environment in low‐income areas face, we analyzed the infrastructural work of a citizens’ initiative. We focused on their building of a socio‐material infrastructure in an empty park surrounded by neighborhoods the municipality and other organizations classified as problematic in multiple ways. The infrastructural work consisted of experiments to attract new publics; regular work to revive a neglected garden; and negotiations with the municipality about new trees, natural play elements, and other additions to the park. However, residents’ work was thwarted by institutional control over the neighborhood public and by unreliable bureaucratic interactions that resulted in endless waiting, adaptations, and failures. In this setting, citizens adjusted their infrastructural work by establishing new alliances and engaging in “garden diplomacy” to maintain constructive relationships and a hopeful perspective. The work citizens do to make new local publics should be acknowledged. Moreover, institutional obduracy and bureaucratic ambiguities form a hostile environment for citizen participation. We characterize this hostile environment as shaped by a “residual realism” that reproduces problem neighborhoods. We end with our contribution to a co‐constructionist approach to public participation. Keywords: citizen participation; inequality; infrastructural work; neighborhood health; neighborhood public; socio‐material infrastructure; urban commons; urban green zones; urban health Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9041 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Factors Facilitating the Sustainable Implementation of Social Sports Programmes: A Multiple‐Case Study File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9270 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9270 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9270 Author-Name: Liselot ter Harmsel-Nieuwenhuis Author-Workplace-Name: Professorship Human Movement, School and Sport, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands Author-Name: Dico de Jager Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands Author-Name: Niels Hermens Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Health, Welfare and Sport, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands Author-Name: Kirsten Verkooijen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands Abstract: Participation in social sports programmes can benefit people in socially vulnerable positions. In this study, social sports programmes are defined as sports programmes which are designed with the specific aim to support these people. However, the continuity of social sports programmes appears problematic. This study aimed to identify factors that facilitate the sustainable implementation of social sports programmes in a local setting. For this purpose, an exploratory multiple‐case study was conducted in six cities in the Netherlands. In each city, a programme called Life Goals was implemented, offering a range of sports activities for people in a socially vulnerable position. Twenty stakeholders, including programme coordinators, social sports coaches, policy officers of the municipality, social workers, and managers of social work organisations participated in an individual interview using a timelining method. The results of these interviews were subsequently explored during a focus group discussion with seven coordinators, four of whom had also participated in an interview. Five themes facilitating the sustainable implementation of local social sports programmes were identified: (a) employment of the coordinator; (b) funding of the social sports programme; (c) adopting an evidence‐based method; (d) building and maintaining a partnership; and (e) sports‐minded stakeholders. In addition, two overarching themes emerged as a common thread across the five themes: broad commitment and the role of the coordinator. Practical tips for the sustainable implementation of social sports programmes are given, which can be used by professionals and managers in the social work and sports fields. Keywords: community sports programmes; local policy; sport as a means; vulnerable adults Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9270 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: “Things Fall Apart?” Prospects of Solidarity in a Precarious World File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9101 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9101 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9101 Author-Name: Matthew Mabefam Author-Workplace-Name: University of Melbourne, Australia Author-Name: Kennedy Mbeva Author-Workplace-Name: University of Cambridge, UK Author-Name: Issah Wumbla Author-Workplace-Name: University of Melbourne, Australia Abstract: In this article, we examine the potential of solidarity to address global challenges in an increasingly precarious world. Solidarity involves individuals or groups supporting causes—whether ideas, people, or contexts—to combat marginalisation and injustice, even as such efforts frequently encounter resistance. This prompts the critical questions: What motivates solidarity, how is it expressed, and how effective is it in resolving the issues it seeks to address? Drawing on illustrative examples from a variety of social movements worldwide, we analyse the diverse forms of solidarity and the tensions that arise when dissent and resistance intersect with collective action. Despite these challenges, we argue that solidarity remains a viable framework for addressing some of today’s most pressing and complex issues. By exploring both the opportunities and obstacles it presents, we highlight solidarity’s enduring relevance and transformative potential in fostering meaningful change. Keywords: demonstrations; precarity; solidarity; strikes Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dancing Hands: On Neurodivergent Embodied Knowledge File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9089 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9089 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9089 Author-Name: Anna Püschel Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Architecture, LUCA School of Arts, KULeuven, Belgium Abstract: This article gives insight into my artistic research project Stimming a Space, which explores “stimming”—auto‐regulative behaviour—as a means to make and hold space for neurodivergent individuals within the art world. The umbrella term “neurodiversity” describes developmental conditions such as autism, ADHD, or dyspraxia. Neurodivergent individuals stim extensively due to frequently occurring sensory issues. I argue that parallel to movements of “queering” public spaces that result in increasing safety for all gender identities, “cripping” spaces through adjusting them to neurodivergent needs can be beneficial to everyone in a competitive capitalist environment such as the art world: from education to art spaces and academia that host an increasing number of artistic researchers. Diversity in the art world is not a luxury but a need. Despite recent motions for inclusion, disabled artists still encounter “ableism,” othering, and exclusion. Lack of diversity perpetuates stereotypes and mental obstacles. From an “emic” perspective, the research project Stimming a Space approaches neurodiversity as a disability affecting the entire body instead of solely focusing on symptoms such as speech impairment or executive dysfunction. As a counterweight to much literature that problematises stimming as “disruptive behaviour,” this autoethnographic research approaches it as a performative tool and claims that exploring the entire “bodymind” and embracing stimming as a radical act of self‐care can enrich current research on neurodiversity. Opening up the art world is not a mere act of solidarity—lived inclusion makes it more accessible and safer for everyone. Keywords: ableism; accessibility; artistic research; auto‐ethnography; crip; disability studies; diversity; inclusion; neurodiversity; stimming Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9089 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Commoning Cosmopolitanism: Solidarity Beyond Capital, Borders, and Sameness File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9220 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9220 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9220 Author-Name: Óscar García Agustín Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Culture and Learning, Aalborg University, Denmark Author-Name: Martin Bak Jørgensen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Culture and Learning, Aalborg University, Denmark Abstract: Approaches to situated and located cosmopolitanism offer the opportunity to think of the formation of a universal community, which demands equality and social justice and is rooted in urban and local practices. This article delves into this perspective by connecting the literature on cosmopolitanism, the commons, and solidarity. Based on a sociospatial conception of solidarity, the notion of “commoning cosmopolitanism” is developed as a framework to understand how solidarity forges relationships where both commonalities and diversity can coexist. Three aspects are important to consider: (a) class struggle, as a response to exclusion and domination and the need to think relations beyond the logic of capital; (b) space, since the relationships are constituted spatially, connecting local and global scales and questioning the logic of borders; and (c) community, opposed to closed identities and “sameness,” and aiming to include previously excluded groups and establish a common ground whilst preserving multiplicity. Several examples are used to show how commoning cosmopolitanism allows us to consider the universal dimension of urban solidarity and the inclusion of migrants as part of the political community (the cosmopolitan “we”). Keywords: common; commoning; cosmopolitanism; local; solidarity; transnational Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9220 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Solidarity in Ethnically Diverse Contexts: Supportive Relations of First‐Generation Roma Graduates’ Social Mobility in Hungary File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9170 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9170 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9170 Author-Name: Judit Durst Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Minority Studies, HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary / Department of Anthropology, University College London, UK Author-Name: Margit Feischmidt Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Minority Studies, HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary / Department for Media and Communication Studies, University of Pécs, Hungary Author-Name: Zsanna Nyírő Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Minority Studies, HUN‐REN Centre for Social Sciences, Hungary Abstract: The relationship between Roma and non‐Roma in Central and Eastern European countries is determined by growing socio‐economic inequalities, racism based on structural inequalities, and far‐right policies of scapegoating. This trend is reinforced by the generally low level of social mobility. However, parallel to the main trend, a less visible process enables the social mobility of people of Roma origin born into marginalised, socio‐economically low‐status families. In this article, we aim to link issues of solidarity and diversity by exploring the support networks of educational and social mobility trajectories of Roma in Hungary. Based on 102 narrative life‐story interviews with first‐generation Roma graduates, we explore the helping and hindering relations, as well as the solidarity dynamics, that enabled their social mobility through education. The article answers the following questions: What types of supportive relations facilitate upward social mobility? What kind of mobility trajectories do these supportive (and hindering) relations engender? What happens to those who experience dislocation of social class and change of status? How do they navigate attachment to the community of origin and the attained middle class? By analysing narratives, we aim to highlight personal experiences of (educational) mobility and belonging by identifying different mobility trajectory ideal types and their accompanying supportive relations. Scholars of solidarity usually research the helpers. Here, we shift the perspective and research those lived experiences of solidarity that come from a racialised minority and receive help through their social mobility paths. Our research findings demonstrate that initial solidarity towards the vulnerable can have a spill‐over effect: The helped can become helpers. In our case, first‐generation Roma professionals who have first‐hand experience with social and economic inequalities become drivers of social change, partly by building bridges across communities, partly by fulfilling jobs in the mainstream economy, and also by creating new narratives and advocating for social justice. Keywords: diversity; educational mobility; FIF graduates; Hungary; Roma; social mobility; solidarity Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9170 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Dilemmas of Solidarity of Civic Activists: Supporting Displaced Ukrainians in a Non‐Solidarian Regime File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9151 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9151 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9151 Author-Name: Violetta Zentai Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Public Policy and Democracy Institute, Central European University, Austria Author-Name: Margit Feischmidt Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Minority Studies, Center for Social Sciences (HUN‐REN), Hungary / Department of Media and Communication Studies, University of Pécs, Hungary Abstract: Civic actors working with marginalized and disadvantaged groups in society face various dilemmas associated with defining and, if needed, ranking human needs and vulnerabilities. Our article examines the reasonings for intervention in civic solidarity operations that emerged in response to the arrivals of displaced Ukrainians in Hungary in 2022–2023. Solidarians have strived to find spaces of action in an authoritarian regime that normalizes policy rationales of deservingness and social hierarchy in contrast to equality and inclusion‐based diversity. We engaged with those solidarity actors who showed some degree of reflexivity to the wider social, political, governance, and charity activism landscapes considering their position and operational ethos. The mixed research methods generated ethnographic and discursive data that allow us to offer a practice‐centered interpretation of civic actors’ reasoning. This article explores the dilemmas that civic actors face when judging and prioritizing needs, responsibilities, and resources in comparing and contrasting the conditions of their own society and the situation of people with migratory trajectories. We identified three perspectives through which civic solidarity actors articulated their normative and strategic dilemmas: the origin and nature of the needs of the displaced people, the refugee assistance responsibilities thereby assigned, and the broader social care system in the host society. We offer insights into how solidarity actors discernibly departed from pure humanitarianism and deployed concepts of horizontal interdependence, anti‐discrimination, and layered human rights, applying their own vocabularies. Keywords: civic solidarity; defiance to authoritarianism; deservingness; normative and strategic dilemmas; social inequalities; vulnerability Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Collective Identity and Care Ethics: Insights From Chilean Migrant Solidarity Initiatives File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9073 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9073 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9073 Author-Name: Tamara Hernández Araya Author-Workplace-Name: Cultural Anthropology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Abstract: Based on ten months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted with more than twelve migrant organizations in Chile, this article examines how mutual support groups establish and maintain networks of care that their members view as moral imperatives. These organizations develop sophisticated citizenship narratives while emphasizing the importance of nurturing both their collective ethos and solidarity initiatives. Through analyzing how members interpret their collaborative care and solidarity efforts, this article reveals how care practices generate a distinctive form of sociability that departs from traditional Chilean solidarity frameworks. This emergent sociability manifests as an ethical project that challenges prevailing paradigms and expands our understanding of citizenship dynamics within migrant communities. The research contributes to anthropological perspectives by illuminating the intricate relationships between care practices, collective identity formation, and human interaction within migrant support networks. Keywords: care; Chile; citizenship; migration; solidarity Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9073 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Solidarity in Diversity: Overcoming Marginalisation in Society File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9850 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9850 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9850 Author-Name: Matthew Mabefam Author-Workplace-Name: University of Melbourne, Australia Author-Name: Kennedy Mbeva Author-Workplace-Name: University of Cambridge, UK Author-Name: Franka Vaughan Author-Workplace-Name: University of Melbourne, Australia Abstract: This introduction situates the thematic issue within the discourse on solidarity, exploring its transformative role in addressing marginalisation and fostering social cohesion. The 13 articles in this issue are organised into four themes: (a) solidarity’s response to exclusion, (b) its dynamic nature in contested contexts, (c) innovative frameworks, and (d) its role in tackling economic inequalities. Through case studies of migrant communities, Roma graduates, neurodivergent artists, and trans women, the contributions highlight solidarity’s potential to counter exclusion, navigate tensions, and inspire collective action. Bridging theory and practice, this thematic issue advances understanding and informs policies to address systemic inequality, diversity, and injustice. Keywords: diversity; marginalisation; polorisation; solidarity Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9850 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Participation in Times of War: The Ambivalence of Digital Media File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9128 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9128 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9128 Author-Name: Olga Zvonareva Author-Workplace-Name: Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, The Netherlands Abstract: Do digital media support or undermine democracy and freedom? Building on recent scholarship that highlights the diversity of digital media’s effects, this article begins with the premise that digital media do not clearly shape political life in contemporary societies one way or another but are instead ambivalent. The article seeks to explicate how exactly the ambivalence of digital media emerges and to arrive at a suitable conceptualisation of their role. Empirically, to capture how digital media become embroiled in very different kinds of political action, I draw on a prolonged ethnographic engagement with two war‐time volunteer initiatives in Russia. Both initiatives participate in politics by assisting Ukrainian war refugees who fled in the direction of Russia, and both rely on the messaging app Telegram. However, the participation of one amounts to resisting the imperative of supporting the aggression foisted by the state on Russian citizens, while the participation of another heightens this very imperative. I engage with these two contrasting digitally mediated initiatives doing similar activities but acting on vastly different commitments to illuminate the digital media’s ambivalence. I show how digital media contribute to the creation of and cracking down on democratic openings by becoming actors in the collective action networks that strive to resist oppressive political strategies and, simultaneously, in the networks that strive to further strengthen the very same strategies. Keywords: authoritarianism; collective action; democracy; digital media; digital participation; participation amidst hostility; public participation; Russia; Telegram Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9128 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Citizens in Distress: A Case Study on Public Participation During the Covid‐19 Pandemic in Finland File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9040 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9040 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9040 Author-Name: Mikko Värttö Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Turku, Finland Abstract: In emergencies, public participation can perform a positive function by raising public awareness of the potential harms and injustices that may have resulted from emergency measures and policies. In this way, public participation can contribute to democratic crisis management, and also legitimise democratic institutions more broadly. However, emergency conditions can challenge these participatory practices, undermining citizens’ ability to influence crisis management. To investigate this phenomenon, this article studies how ordinary citizens participated in the management of the Covid‐19 pandemic. The article focuses on Finland, a critical case because its response to the pandemic is often considered successful in international comparison. In the analysis, data on various formal and informal forms of public participation are considered and their impact on emergency response is assessed. The findings show that although multiple forms of public participation were in place, the authorities used them selectively and hesitantly. Also, public participation was often diminished to an advisory role or channelled through established civil society actors, such as labour market organisations. Due to this lack of critical voices in public arenas, citizens decided to bypass formal routes of public participation to express their concerns through civic activism in informal channels. These concerns materialised in campaigns, protests, and demonstrations against emergency measures and policies. While much of the existing literature focuses on the negative effects of civic activism, such as spreading misinformation and undermining official measures, this article argues that informal public participation, such as civic activism, can complement formal decision‐making measures during emergencies, thus contributing to more effective and democratic crisis governance. Keywords: civic activism; Covid‐19 pandemic; crisis management; emergency; public participation Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9040 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Leave No One Behind? Analysing Sport Inclusion Policy‐Implementation for Persons With Disabilities in Ghana File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8866 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8866 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8866 Author-Name: Derrick Charway Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway Author-Name: Francis Asare Author-Workplace-Name: Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, New Zealand Author-Name: Allan Bennich Grønkjær Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway Abstract: Sport inclusion policies for persons with disabilities are prevalent in many countries; however, actual support in local communities is lacking or inadequately addressed. In this article, we analyse the implementation of sport inclusion policies and the extent to which they exclude or include disabled sport associations in Ghana’s District Sports Units. Using document analysis, focus group discussions, and semi‐structured interviews, we collected data from representatives of state and non‐state organisations, drawing theoretical insights from ableism and policy networks to analyse the implementation of sport inclusion policies. The findings reveal that despite inclusion provisions at the local level, the policy implementation process presents challenges for District Sports Units. These challenges include the lack of funding, conflicts among network actors, deliberate disregard, membership gaps, and the absence of an integrated programme for disabled sport associations. These findings further inform our understanding of collaborative alliances, local autonomy, and the implication of ableism for policy networks. Keywords: ableism; disability sport; District Sports Units; Ghana; policy implementation; sustainable development Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8866 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: There Are No Thresholds Here: Social Inclusion Among the Participants of a Community Sports Initiative File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9284 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9284 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9284 Author-Name: Linda Nesse Author-Workplace-Name: Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, University of Oslo, Norway / Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South‐Eastern Norway, Norway Author-Name: Marit Borg Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South‐Eastern Norway, Norway Author-Name: Bengt Karlsson Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South‐Eastern Norway, Norway Abstract: Community sports initiatives can promote social inclusion by facilitating low‐threshold participation in physical exercise with others. Due to social and systemic barriers, persons with experiences of mental health and substance use problems often have limited access to community arenas, such as those offering physical exercise. Community sports may counteract such inequities in practice. In Bergen, Norway, the community sports initiative Psykiatrialliansen (The Psychiatric Alliance) aims to promote participation in physical exercise for anyone with an interest in being involved. On a weekly basis, they arrange a range of sports and activities in ordinary sports arenas across the city, free of charge. The purpose of the study was to explore how members and coaches experience participation, and in which ways participation contributes to experiences of social inclusion. Focus groups, paired interviews, and individual interviews were conducted with 33 participants. A two‐tiered thematic analysis was conducted based on a framework for social inclusion, resulting in the main theme “experiences of social inclusion,” with the following subthemes: (a) access to resources, (b) recognition through responsibilities and roles, and (c) a sense of belonging through relationships. The participants described a unique and generous arena where resources were emphasized. Furthermore, they described experiences of being acknowledged through responsibilities and positive roles. Finally, the community sports initiative was viewed as a low‐threshold, inclusive community that facilitated a sense of belonging through positive relationships. The findings indicate that Psykiatrialliansen contributes to experiences of social inclusion in multiple, intersecting ways. Keywords: citizenship; community integration; community participation; mental health; physical activity; recovery; substance use; well‐being Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Unveiling Hate Speech Dynamics: An Examination of Discourse Targeting the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET) File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9291 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9291 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9291 Author-Name: Sergio Arce-García Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain Author-Name: Virginia Martin-Jiménez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Valladolid, Spain Author-Name: Leticia Rodríguez-Fernández Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad de Cádiz, Spain Abstract: This article examines hate speech directed at AEMET, the Spanish meteorological state agency, on the social media platform X. We analysed nearly half a million messages posted between 31 December 2021 and 19 April 2023, using hate speech detection algorithms, text mining techniques, and qualitative analysis to identify patterns and themes in the discourse. Our research reveals a troubling reality, with around 25% of the messages collected displaying some degree of hostility towards AEMET, its staff, and its scientific work. A considerable amount of hate speech was expressed through derogatory comments and insults aimed at meteorologists, which is indicative of a wider trend of anti‐intellectualism and scepticism of scientific expertise. Furthermore, the spread of conspiracy theories, particularly those related to geoengineering and chemtrails, highlights the spread of misinformation within online communities. This study emphasises the importance of acknowledging and addressing the spread of hate speech in meteorology and scientific communication. By emphasising the negative effects of such language on public perception and trust in scientific institutions, this article advocates for collaborative efforts to promote a culture of informed dialogue and evidence‐based discourse. The results highlight the importance of combating hate speech and misinformation to protect the integrity and credibility of scientific institutions such as AEMET. Keywords: AEMET; anti‐intellectualism; disinformation; hate speech; meteorology; X/Twitter Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9291 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Propagation of Hate Speech on Social Network X: Trends and Approaches File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9317 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9317 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9317 Author-Name: Eva Matarín Rodríguez-Peral Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication Sciences and Sociology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain Author-Name: Tomás Gómez Franco Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, Francisco Vitoria University, Spain Author-Name: Daniel Rodríguez-Peral Bustos Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Information Sciences, Complutense of Madrid University, Spain Abstract: Digital technologies have democratized the transmission of information, enabling individuals to interact and share information instantly through social networks. However, these advancements have also brought about negative aspects such as the propagation of hate speech on social media. This research aims to address the following question: What are the predominant theoretical and methodological approaches in academic research on hate speech on X (formerly known as Twitter)? This study aims to identify and analyze the trends in existing academic research on the proliferation and dissemination of hate speech on the social network X, to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in this field, and to highlight areas for future research. To conduct this analysis, a mixed‐methods methodology is employed and a systematic literature review is applied as the research technique. Quantitative analysis involves descriptive statistical analysis, while qualitative analysis is conducted using a deductive strategy to study the predetermined categories of research included in this study. Among the main contributions is the integration of findings from multiple studies, facilitating the understanding of this phenomenon, as well as enabling the identification of best practices and existing knowledge gaps in this field. Keywords: academic analysis; digital interaction; hate speech; social conflict; social network X; Twitter Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Intergenerational Evolution of Gender Bias in Spain: Analysis of Values Surveys File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9288 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9288 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9288 Author-Name: Pilar Antolínez-Merchán Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Communication and Design, University Camilo José Cela, Spain Author-Name: Ángel Rivero Recuenco Author-Workplace-Name: Economy Department, University of Alcalá, Spain Author-Name: Elvira Carmen Cabrera-Rodríguez Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Entrepreneurship, Business and Legal Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, Spain Abstract: This article uses data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and the European Values Study (EVS) for Spain, covering the years between 2005 and 2022 (waves 5, 6, and 7) to analyse the evolution of gender bias in different dimensions: politics, education, economics, and family. The results indicate a positive trend towards the reduction of gender bias, especially in areas of political leadership and education. However, certain biases remain, particularly among older generations. The analysis reveals that variables such as sex, education level, religion, political orientation, and materialistic values have a statistically significant influence on gender bias. Young people demonstrate a higher acceptance of gender equality compared to older adults. However, the younger generations are exposed to ideological and moral influences that cause changes in their perception of politics and democracy. One‐fifth of the sample surveyed did not consider gender equality relevant as a constitutive element of democratic regimes, which seems to indicate a relative fading of the political and moral significance of gender equality as an issue for a significant proportion of young Spaniards. Religion is the only variable linked with a higher probability of maintaining gender biases, and even accentuating them among young people, which would be indicative of a correlation between religion and the adoption of ideologically conservative positions, in line with the socio‐political dynamics of polarisation and the growing influence of neo‐conservative movements in Spanish society. Keywords: gender bias; gender equality; gender stereotypes; values survey Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9288 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Ripple Effects Mapping Within a Process Evaluation of Sport for Development Provision in England File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8911 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8911 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8911 Author-Name: Jase Wilson Author-Workplace-Name: Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK Author-Name: Dan Bates Author-Workplace-Name: Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK Abstract: Evaluating the impact of sport for development is fraught with practical and methodological challenges. The evaluator is often presented with complex and messy social realities compounded by ill‐defined interventions with hard‐to‐follow outcomes. Further, those subject to an impact evaluation can feel under the spotlight with little contribution to the research programme, which complicates the potentially informative learning and developmental processes of the evaluation. This article provides an introduction to ripple effects mapping (REM) as an evaluation technique and draws on the case study of a community‐based, physical‐activity intervention within the UK. This article will demonstrate the utility of REM as a co‐productive technique for exploring programme outcomes but also as a tool to capture and understand the impact of the programme on participants. Through the presentation and analysis of the example REM, produced collaboratively with programme participants and stakeholders, the discussion illustrates the suitability and potential of REM as a process evaluation tool. The article presents REM in the context of evaluating sport for development practices and provides a critique and reflection about the refinement of REM as a robust evaluation tool. Keywords: community engagement; evaluation; impact; participatory methods; physical activity; ripple effects mapping; sport for development Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8911 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Self‐Managed Housing in Vienna: Managing Ambivalences Between “Invitability” and Resistance File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/7993 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.7993 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 7993 Author-Name: Andrea Schikowitz Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Science and Technology Studies, University of Vienna, Austria Abstract: This contribution addresses how self‐managed collaborative housing (CoHo) groups engage in and with urban planning in Vienna and thereby how they manage the ambivalence of simultaneously getting involved in established planning and maintaining their alternative and subversive character. These groups aim to shape their own living environments and contribute to more sustainable, affordable, and collaborative housing and living. The relations and interactions between self‐managed housing projects and municipal planning actors are ambivalent and include both invited and uninvited forms of engagement. To be able to realise their projects and to intervene in urban planning, CoHo groups thus need to manage the boundary between making their aims compatible with and challenging urban planning visions and strategies. I analyse this by paying attention to how CoHo actors enact “invitability” while maintaining their resistance against certain urban policies. For doing so, I draw on and contribute to literature at the intersection of urban planning and STS that address public participation in collaborations and controversy contexts. The empirical materials stem from a multi‐sited ethnography, comprising interviews with members and proponents of CoHo groups, observations of public and semi‐public events of, with, and about CoHo, as well as documents and social media posts. I find that CoHo creates invitability by negotiating and working on three aspects that are directly or indirectly challenged by municipal and professional actors: their relevance, expertise, and reliability. They do so by engaging in infrastructuring activities that stabilise both the invitability and resistance of CoHo in Vienna. Keywords: collaborative housing; hostility; infrastructure; public participation; representation; urban planning Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:7993 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Semiotic Analysis of Hate Discourse in Spanish Digital News Media: Biden’s Inauguration Case Study File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9295 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9295 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9295 Author-Name: Max Römer-Pieretti Author-Workplace-Name: Communications & Design Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Spain Author-Name: Elías Said-Hung Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain Author-Name: Julio Montero-Díaz Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain / Villanueva University, Spain Abstract: This study analyzes hate in Spanish digital media from a semiotic standpoint by focusing on the coverage and discourse of Joe Biden’s inauguration as the US President in January 2021 by El País, La Vanguardia, ABC, El Mundo, and 20Minutos in Spain on the X platform. The event drew significant attention from international and Spanish media. A qualitative investigation was conducted on the interactions, denotations, connotations, and semiosis related to hate in the Spanish media and their followers. The analysis, which is based on a semiotic matrix from Greimas and Courtés (1979), Greimas (1976), Barthes (1970), Kristeva (1969), and Lyotard (1979/2019), and was developed by the authors, covered 661 news items and 721 literal fragments and generated 2,074 interactions for examination. This study offers a semiotic framework for understanding how hate expressions are constructed and disseminated in digital media. It is crucial to recognize the narrative structures that promote the dissemination of hate expression in news content published by digital media on social media platforms. A scenario emerges in which fear, politically charged expressions, and terms aimed at accusing, discrediting, or undervaluing the recipients of such messages become tools for spreading content. Therefore, digital news media must review their content moderation practices to better manage the discussions generated concerning the news that they publish in the current digital landscape. This landscape is dominated not only by hostility rather than violence toward social groups represented by news protagonists but also by people who are used to promoting narratives filled with stereotypes and prejudices through dehumanization or demonization. Keywords: digital news media; digital semiotics; discourse analysis; hate speech; social media platforms Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9295 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Violence, Hate Speech, and Discrimination in Video Games: A Systematic Review File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9401 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9401 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9401 Author-Name: Robeto Moreno-López Author-Workplace-Name: University of Castilla‐La Mancha, Spain Author-Name: Catalina Argüello-Gutiérrez Author-Workplace-Name: Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Spain Abstract: This systematic review analyses the relationships between violence, hate speech, discrimination, and video games. A comprehensive search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases identified 47 relevant studies published between 2018 and 2023. The review examines how video games may provide fertile ground for online violence, hate speech, and discrimination, while also exploring their potential as educational tools. Key findings suggest that exposure to violent video game content can increase aggressive cognitions and behaviours, particularly when combined with competitive gameplay. However, prosocial aspects of gaming may promote positive intergroup attitudes and reduce prejudice. Hate speech and discriminatory behaviours remain prevalent issues in online gaming communities, disproportionately affecting marginalised groups. The article highlights the complex interactions between game content, individual factors, and sociocultural contexts in shaping player experiences and behaviours. While video games pose risks, they also offer opportunities for fostering empathy, cultural understanding, and critical thinking, if they are thoughtfully designed. The findings underscore the need for evidence‐based interventions to mitigate online hate and maximise the educational potential of video games. Keywords: cyberhate; hate speech; inclusion; video games; violence Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9401 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Italian Manosphere: Composition, Structure, and Functions of a Digital Network File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9341 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9341 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9341 Author-Name: Elisa Ignazzi Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti‐Pescara, Italy Author-Name: Mara Maretti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Legal and Social Sciences, G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti‐Pescara, Italy Author-Name: Lara Fontanella Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Socio‐Economic, Managerial, and Statistical Studies, G.d’Annunzio University of Chieti‐Pescara, Italy Abstract: The digital sphere is pivotal in shaping social norms, and the Italian “manosphere” is a key player in this process. This study examines the composition and structure of the Italian manosphere, an intricate online ecosystem characterised by antifeminist and often misogynistic ideologies. Through a comprehensive analysis of Facebook networks and blog presentations from various groups, we mapped and classified the main actors within this ecosystem, shedding light on their connections and functions. The analysis focuses on two main aspects by employing natural language processing techniques and social network analysis. First, we investigated the functions of different groups within the network—Men’s Rights Activists, Men Going Their Own Way, Involuntary Celibates, and Pick‐Up Artists—identifying their roles, how they interconnect and their ties to the international manosphere. Second, we analysed the blog presentations of members to explore the motivations driving individuals to join these communities, revealing the key themes emerging from their narratives. Our findings highlight the manosphere as a complex and interconnected phenomenon that not only reflects global neosexist trends but also integrates unique socio‐cultural elements specific to the Italian context. This study underscores the significance of understanding the manosphere’s influence on public discourse and its far‐reaching implications for the socio‐political landscape in Italy, particularly concerning gender relations. Keywords: digital sphere; Incels; misogyny; men’s rights activists; men going their own way; natural language processing; pick‐up artists; sexism; social movements Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9341 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Synderesis vs. Consequentialism and Utilitarianism in Workplace Bullying Prevention File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8406 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8406 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8406 Author-Name: Jolita Vveinhardt Author-Workplace-Name: Vytautas Kavolis Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania Author-Name: Mykolas Deikus Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Catholic Theology, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania Abstract: The existence of workplace bullying in modern organizations is, first of all, a serious moral challenge. Since bullying characterized by intense and long‐lasting persecution of the target causes serious negative consequences for organizations, there are proposals to base the prevention of this phenomenon on utilitarianism. However, some studies show that the ethics that judges the goodness of an action by consequences causes many problems at the level of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, in the context of workplace bullying, it is proposed to consider the scholastic idea of synderesis. The article theoretically examines three alternatives to bystanders’ decisions based on the ideas of consequentialism, utilitarianism, and synderesis: to act constructively actively (to support the victim), to act destructively actively (to support the persecutor), and to act destructively passively (not to intervene in the conflict). Considering that different schools of consequentialism and utilitarianism cannot guarantee constructive behaviour of bystanders, the decisions inspired by the conscience guided by synderesis can be a suitable alternative that can be easily implemented in practice. Keywords: consequentialism; ethics; synderesis; utilitarianism; workplace bullying Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8406 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Quarantined Justice, Compromised Diversity: Barriers to Disability Inclusion in China’s Public Sector Employment File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9083 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9083 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9083 Author-Name: Qian Xue Author-Workplace-Name: KoGuan School of Law, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China / Faculty of Law & Justice, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Author-Name: Bo Chen Author-Workplace-Name: School of Law, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China Abstract: Under the advocacy for diversity and inclusion within Chinese society, the judiciary has become a significant institution for the protection of marginalized groups, especially disabled people. Through proactive power expansion, the Supreme People’s Court has played a crucial role in scrutinizing employment discrimination in the private sector. However, the judiciary has paid less attention to the fact that government agencies failed to consider the value of workplace diversity and maintained ableist standards that preclude many disabled candidates from public sector positions. Due to the intrinsic political embeddedness within Chinese judicial systems, courts tended to adopt a strategy known as “quarantined enforcement” when confronted with discriminatory recruitment clauses issued by government‐tied entities. Social and political factors collaboratively shaped the intersectional marginalization of the disabled community in China. This article attempts to move beyond traditional legislative‐centric approaches and emphasize the judiciary’s role in minimizing the marginalization of disabled people. It argues that eliminating political barriers within the judiciary is crucial for achieving workplace diversity and employment equality. Keywords: disability equality; disability rights in China; embedded court; integrated employment; quarantined justice; social diversity Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9083 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Migrants’ Participation and Migration Governance Amidst Hostility in Small Localities: An Italian Case Study File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9076 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9076 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9076 Author-Name: Alba Angelucci Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Law and Political, Economic and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro,” Italy Author-Name: Gül Ince-Beqo Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Italy Author-Name: Fabio De Blasis Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Milan, Italy Abstract: In this article we examine how small and medium‐sized towns address migrants’ participation amidst hostility. To do so, we focus on a small town in central Italy. We scrutinise two dimensions of participation— visibility and agency in policy‐making—and connect them to specific forms of hostility towards migrants that can arise in small communities. We also consider how changes in the social fabric and political discourse can overcome and subvert such hostilities. By exploring the case vertically (involving institutions) and horizontally (involving civil society actors), we analyse local migrants’ participation in light of political transitions and changes in the local government’s attitude. We focus in particular on how and whether migrants are granted space in the planning and implementation of integration and participation policies across different periods in a small town in central Italy. This case highlights substantial policy transitions that shape migrants’ involvement in local life and set boundaries on their engagement. The article, which is based on qualitative research conducted within the EU‐funded project PISTE—Participation in Small and Medium‐Sized Towns: Experiences, Exchanges, Experiments, relies on policy analysis and 17 semi‐structured interviews with policy‐makers and civil society actors. The results show that political discourse on migration affects perceptions and practices of hostility in regard to migrants and the forms of visibility assumed by migrants’ participation in small and medium‐sized towns. When participation is politically hindered, everyday practices of visibility (such as being visible in public spaces) assume political significance. The presence of “bridging figures” is crucial for facilitating the transition from an adverse to a more inclusive political environment, enhancing participation by specific migrant groups. However, reliance on such bridging figures and personal relationships can be a double‐edged sword. It can promote participation, but it may confine it to individual interactions rather than foster broader migrants engagement. Keywords: bridging figures; hostility; local policy‐making; migrants’ participation; migration policies; political participation; small towns Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9076 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Emotional Costs of Solidarity: How Refugees and Volunteers Manage Emotions in the Integration Process File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9009 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9009 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9009 Author-Name: Neeltje Spit Author-Workplace-Name: University of Humanistic Studies, The Netherlands Author-Name: Evelien Tonkens Author-Workplace-Name: University of Humanistic Studies, The Netherlands Author-Name: Margo Trappenburg Author-Workplace-Name: Utrecht University School of Governance, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Abstract: While emerging right‐wing populist voices are calling to prevent the arrival of refugees and their integration, volunteers perform solidarity by performing activities to support refugee integration. Most studies on these forms of solidarity in diversity focus on the quality and effectiveness of the activities. The emotional labor involved has received limited attention. To consider this emotional labor in more detail, we use Arlie Hochschild’s concept of feeling and framing rules and relate these rules to prevailing citizenship regimes, distinguishing between the self‐reliance regime and the community regime. Based on in‐depth ethnographic research of volunteer solidarity work in a deprived urban neighborhood and a middle‐class commuter town in the Netherlands, we show that volunteers are strongly aligned with the community regime, which involves navigating a multitude of feeling rules they struggle with. Refugees are more aligned with the self‐reliance regime, which also gives way to emotional struggles. We argue that to promote solidarity in diversity, scholars and policymakers should pay more attention to these different forms of emotional labor and the painful and joyful emotions involved. Keywords: citizenship regimes; emotions; feeling and framing rules; refugee integration; volunteers Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9009 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Building Resiliency in Community Development: The Experiences of Women in Rural Communities in Ghana File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8705 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8705 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8705 Author-Name: Charles Gyan Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Work, McGill University, Canada Author-Name: Jacob Kwakye Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Work, McGill University, Canada Abstract: In Ghana, women face challenges such as poverty, illiteracy, restricted legal rights, and entrenched gender roles, impeding their empowerment. Despite these barriers, they exhibit remarkable resilience, often through active engagement in community development initiatives. Previous studies highlight the importance of collective solidarity and intergenerational support in fostering resilience among Ghanaian women. However, these studies frequently apply external frameworks that conceptualize resilience as an internal attribute. This qualitative study explores the intrinsic motivations and support mechanisms that underpin resilience among Ghanaian women (? = 12) actively participating in community development efforts. Thematic analysis of interviews reveals that their resilience is greatly influenced by concerns for their children’s future and strengthened by strong familial and community support networks. This research enriches our understanding of resilience by highlighting authentic sources rooted in the lived experiences of Ghanaian women, challenging conventional perceptions and emphasizing both individual and community‐level factors. Keywords: community development; gender equality; resilience; rural Ghana; women Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8705 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The High Price of Gender Noncompliance: Exploring the Economic Marginality of Trans Women in South Africa File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/8455 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.8455 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 8455 Author-Name: Siyanda Buyile Shabalala Author-Workplace-Name: Psychology Department, Rhodes University, South Africa Author-Name: Megan Campbell Author-Workplace-Name: Psychology Department, Rhodes University, South Africa Abstract: This study brings trans women to the forefront of global discourse on gender‐based economic inequalities. Such discussions, often lacking intersectionality and narrowly focused on cis women, have frequently overlooked the distinct economic obstacles trans women face in cisheteropatriarchal societies. Grounded in critical trans politics and intersectionality, this research explores the lives of five trans women in South Africa, examining the contextual norms, practices, and policies that shape their experiences of economic inclusion and exclusion. Findings reveal that economic marginality for trans women is upheld by social institutions prioritizing cisgender norms, reinforcing biology‐based gender binaries that render those existing outside these frameworks vulnerable, disposable, and disenfranchised. This structural economic bias is reflected in four key areas: (a) patriarchal family systems enforce conformity to cisgender expectations through abuse, financial neglect, and rejection, displacing trans women into precarious circumstances, including homelessness and survival sex work; (b) cisnormative workplace conventions demand legal gender alignment as a precondition for organizational access and employability, shutting out trans identities lacking state recognition of their gender; (c) institutionally entrenched anti‐trans stigma creates heightened scrutiny and discrimination during hiring processes; and (d) a gender‐segregated labor system undermines trans women’s ability to participate in both “male” and “female” jobs due to nonadherence to traditional, biologically defined gender roles. These cisgender‐privileging norms intersect with racism and colonial‐apartheid legacies, compounding economic difficulties for trans women. By mapping the economic conditions of historically invisibilized trans women, this study deepens the scope of economic transformation theories. It calls for a trans‐inclusive, intersectional model of economic justice, advocating for institutional cultures that embrace diverse gender expressions beyond static gender classifications. Keywords: cisgender norms; economic exclusion; gender binary; gender economic equity; labour systems; South Africa; trans women Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:8455 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Dual Marginalisation and the Demand for Dual Citizenship: Negotiating “At Homeness” Among Diaspora Liberians File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9033 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9033 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9033 Author-Name: Franka Vaughan Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia Abstract: In Liberia, identity and citizenship have long been contentious, with dual citizenship emerging as a focal point in recent decades. On 22 July 2022, former President George Weah signed an Amendment Law allowing Liberians naturalized abroad to retain citizenship and granting Liberian women the right to confer citizenship to their children, addressing a key demand from diaspora Liberians. This article, based on my doctoral thesis (Vaughan, 2022), examines diaspora Liberians’ advocacy for dual citizenship within contemporary debates on citizenship as a strategic institution. Drawing on the “post‐exclusive turn” in citizenship (Harpaz & Mateos, 2019), which suggests that individuals often prioritize a premium passport over strong ties to a homeland, the article explores how diaspora Liberians pursue dual citizenship to secure a “true home” in Liberia. This advocacy is fueled by their marginalization both in Liberia, where they face scrutiny over their Liberianness, and in their host countries, where they experience otherness as ethnic minorities. Dual citizenship, for these Liberians, is a strategic path back to belonging in Liberia. This article highlights the intricate interplay between identity and citizenship in Liberia, complicating the strategic citizenship framework by shedding light on the nuanced experiences of diaspora Liberians as they navigate dual marginalization and negotiate belonging. By focusing on these dynamics, the article contributes to the broader debate on citizenship in Africa, an area that remains understudied. Moreover, it reframes discussions on strategic citizenship, particularly in the context of growing inequalities and rising anti‐immigrant sentiments. Keywords: belonging; diaspora Liberians; dual citizenship; home; Liberia; marginalization; strategic citizenship Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9033 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Engaged Scholarship and Its Discontents File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/9124 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.9124 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 13 Year: 2025 Number: 9124 Author-Name: Tebeje Molla Author-Workplace-Name: School of Education, Deakin University, Australia Abstract: Engaged scholarship plays a crucial role in shaping collective narratives and fostering inclusive societies. This article explores the concept of engaged scholarship, highlighting both its transformative potential and the discontents that accompany it. Informed by existing literature and personal reflections, the discussion is divided into three key sections. The first section provides a concise overview of engaged scholarship and outlines the conditions that enable its practice. The second section delves into the main discontents of engaged scholarship: narrow definitions of academic work, polarised views on knowledge and truth, restrictive professional guidelines, the potential for backlash, and the risk of burnout. These pitfalls create an environment where scholars may hesitate to engage fully, despite the pressing need for their contributions to public discourse. In the third and final section, the article emphasises the moral imperative of using research for social change and advocates for the creation of supportive ecosystems to help scholars navigate the challenges of public engagement. Keywords: backlash; Bourdieu; burnout; crisis; critical theory; engaged scholarship Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v13:y:2025:a:9124