Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Is Disability a Health Problem? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/110 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i2.110 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 2 Pages: 139-141 Author-Name: Malcolm MacLachlan Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Global Health & School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Author-Name: Hasheem Mannan Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Global Health & School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Abstract: We welcome Andrew Haig's critique of our paper, "Disability & Health: A research agenda" in Social Inclusion. Our paper sought to identify research priorities to better understand, provide enhanced services and a better quality of life for people with disabilities, particularly in relation to their health and wellbeing. Haig's critique makes several important points that deserve serious consideration. His comments reflect a view of the relationship between disability and health which is different from the one we have espoused. Specifically, Haig argues that (a) disability is a health problem, (b) medical rehabilitation should be separated from Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR), and (c) the evidence base for medical rehabilitation is much stronger than for CBR. We address each of these points below arguing that while some types of disability clearly result from health problems; often disability is not experienced as a health problem; and sometimes, disability in interaction with restricted access is the cause of health problems. Keywords: disability; health; social inclusion Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:139-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Disability Policy Must Espouse Medical as well as Social Rehabilitation File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/111 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i2.111 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 2 Pages: 136-138 Author-Name: Andrew J. Haig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA International Rehabilitation Forum, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA Abstract: A confident statement in Social Inclusion by Mannon and MacLacLan that disability is not a health problem places doubt on the rationale of their otherwise well-written research agenda for disability studies. Both by definition and in practice disability is in part about the impact of health on a person's functioning. The consequence of this misperception among social policy makers is a decreased emphasis on the resources and research needed to build medical rehabilitation programs. This is especially true in lower resource countries where naive inclusion of medical rehabillitation within community based rehabilitation strategies has resulted in fewer resources and less expertise to deliver the distinctly different, and well validated services of a medical rehabilitation team. Any rational research agenda on disability must focus on disease and medical rehabilitation as well as the psychological, social, and environmental factors discussed in this article. Keywords: disability; health; social inclusion Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:136-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: (Mis)Reading Muslims and Multiculturalism File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/116 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i2.116 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 2 Pages: 126-135 Author-Name: Peter Kivisto Author-Workplace-Name: Sociology Department, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61201, USA Department of General History, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland Abstract: This paper offers a review and conceptual reflection on fears about the Muslim pres ence and lack of inclusion into Western European societies and the core features of criticisms of multiculturalism. It does so by first addressing the misreadings of Islam and multiculturalism in influential works by Christopher Caldwell and Paul Scheffer. It then addresses the main points of their critiques by examining the role of the state in Muslim incorporation, framing multicultur alism theoretically in terms of claims-making, and offering evidence of the ways in which Muslim claims-making has occurred. Keywords: claims-making; exclusion; multiculturalism; Muslims; social inclusion Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:126-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Familism and Social Inclusion: Hispanics in New London, Connecticut File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/118 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i2.118 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 2 Pages: 113-125 Author-Name: Maria Amparo Cruz-Saco Author-Workplace-Name: Economics Department, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA Research Center (CIUP), Universidad del Pacífico, Jr. Sánchez Cerro 2141, Lima 11, Peru Author-Name: Mónika López-Anuarbe Author-Workplace-Name: Economics Department, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA Abstract: This paper analyzes the financial support and inclusiveness within Hispanic families in New London, Connecticut, and the causes of their social exclusion in the larger society. We designed and administered a survey of 114 items that was answered by 148 participants representing 1.3% of the non-Puerto Rican Hispanic population. Using factor analysis, we reduced a large number of items in two familism scores to four latent factors: "Financial Support for Family", "Obligation to Family", "Plan to Return", and "Filial Responsibility". We found that financial support for family and obligation to family are strongly endorsed by participants. Approximately one-half would return back to their home countries where they believe to be happier. One-fifth rejects this option. Three-quarters of participants remit money to family, parents in particular, who reside in countries of origin. In contrast to other studies, remitting money is not affected by any given personal characteristic such as gender, income or level of education. Similarly, participants remit irrespective of their degree of self-reported familism measured by scores on the latent factors. A large incidence of poverty among this population, lack of English proficiency, low skills, immigration status, and a lack of voice and political representation inhibit their social inclusion. Keywords: familism; hispanics; migration; remittances; social inclusion Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:113-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Justice and Lower Attainers in a Global Knowledge Economy File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/114 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i2.114 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 2 Pages: 102-112 Author-Name: Sally Tomlinson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Education, University of Oxford, 15 Norham Gardens, Oxford OX2 6PY, UK Abstract: National governments believe that higher levels of educational attainments and training are necessary for successful competition in knowledge-driven economies and all young people are urged to invest in their own human capital and learn new skills. Moves towards inclusive education have brought into mainstream schools and colleges many who would formerly have been segregated in special schooling or otherwise given minimum education, joining those simply regarded as lower attainers. More research is needed on what is happening to all these young people who do not do well in competitive education systems and uncertain job markets. This article is taken from a study which set out to discuss with school and college principals, local administrators, teachers and others, who they regard as lower attainers, what sort of education and training programmes are offered to the students, and what policies they think are in place to help young people into work or independent living. Discussions were held with respondents in England, Germany, the USA, Finland and Malta. The article takes Rawls' view that social injustice is mainly due to the inequitable distribution of economic and social resources and the State has a responsibility to ensure that all young people can participate in the economy and the society. Keywords: global economy; low attainment; special educational needs; vocational training Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:102-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Credibility Assessments as 'Normative Leakage': Asylum Applications, Gender and Class File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/115 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i2.115 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 2 Pages: 92-101 Author-Name: Hanna Wikström Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Work, University of Gothenburg, Box 720, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden Faculty of Law, University of Uppsala, Box 512, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden Author-Name: Thomas Johansson Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pedagogy, Learning and Communication, University of Gothenburg, Box 300, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden Abstract: Based on the assumption that credibility assessments function as 'normative leakage' within the asylum process, we analyse how narratives of gender and class are articulated, rendered meaningful, or silenced in credibility assessments. Two cases concerning male applicants are selected in order to illustrate these processes. In relation to the existing concepts of internal/external credibility, we wish to introduce the concept of social credibility, which focuses on how the assessors read different socio-cultural narratives. While previous research has shown that the postcolonial will to protect women favours women as victims of patriarchal cultures, we wish to point out the continuity of this line of argumentation in relation to male and female applicants by adopting a theoretical generalization: male applicants instead become situated at the other end of the spectrum of postcolonial notions of modernity as non-victims, victims of other circumstances or perpetrators. We argue that these processes are accentuated in relation to credibility assessments. In order to prevent processes of social exclusion and to enhance inclusive practice, authorities need to acknowledge the 'normative leakage' associated with the assessment process. Keywords: asylum process; case study; class; credibility assessments; gender; norms; postcolonial Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:92-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Cash Transfers, Basic Income and Community Building File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/113 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i2.113 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 2 Pages: 84-91 Author-Name: Evelyn L. Forget Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg R3E 0W3, Canada Author-Name: Alexander D. Peden Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg R3E 0W3, Canada Author-Name: Stephenson B. Strobel Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 750 Bannatyne Ave., Winnipeg R3E 0W3, Canada Abstract: The austerity movement in high-income countries of Europe and North America has renewed calls for a guaranteed Basic Income. At the same time, conditional and unconditional cash transfers accompanied by rigorous impact evaluations have been conducted in low- and middle-income countries with the explicit support of the World Bank. Both Basic Income and cash transfer programs are more confidently designed when based on empirical evidence and social theory that explain how and why cash transfers to citizens are effective ways of encouraging investment in human capital through health and education spending. Are conditional cash transfers more effective and/or more efficient than unconditional transfers? Are means-tested transfers effective? This essay draws explicit parallels between Basic Income and unconditional cash transfers, and demonstrates that cash transfers to citizens work in remarkably similar ways in low-, middle- and high-income countries. It addresses the theoretical foundation of cash transfers. Of the four theories discussed, three explicitly acknowledge the interdependence of society and are based, in increasingly complex ways, on ideas of social inclusion. Only if we have an understanding of how cash transfers affect decision-making can we address questions of how best to design cash transfer schemes. Keywords: basic income; conditional cash transfer; guaranteed annual income; negative in­come tax; social inclusion; unconditional cash transfer Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:2:p:84-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: A Neo-Rawlsian Approach to Residential Integration File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/105 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.105 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 72-83 Author-Name: Kevin J. Brown Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Business, Economics, and Political Science, Asbury University, 1 Macklem Drive, Wilmore, KY 40390, USA Abstract: Over the past 40 years, the United States has engaged in various policies to integrate otherwise segregated black and white households within a shared space. However, little work has been done to fully articulate a moral argument for residential integration among black and white households. This paper offers what I refer to as the normative argument, which possesses two morally-impelled arguments for residential integration. Since the ethical appeal to integrate is often couched in the language of justice, I begin with a framework—based upon the work of the late philosopher John Rawls—for considering the moral aspects of residential integration. However, I go on to point out intractable problems related to the Rawlsian framework that would fail to flesh out all ethical considerations of the normative argument. From here, I provide a revised, or neo-Rawlsian, framework for understanding residential integration which addresses the aforementioned problems. This exercise is both important and necessary for the future of residential mixing, as better understanding the moral and ethical attributes of this discussion is, perhaps, the best means to lubricate the fundamental shift from 'spatial' to 'social' integration. Keywords: common good; integration; John Rawls; liberalism; residential housing; segregation; social capital; social integration Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:72-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Class and Social Capital in China and Britain: A Comparative Study File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/104 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.104 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 59-71 Author-Name: Yaojun Li Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Social Change, University of Manchester, Humanities Bridgeford Street, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK Abstract: We use the China General Social Survey (2005) and the Home Office Citizenship Survey (2005) to study civic engagement and neighbourhood trust in China and Britain in this paper. We focus on class differences in participation in sports/recreation, religion, children's/adult education and public-welfare activities, and trust in the neighbours. We find higher levels of civic involvement in Britain but greater neighbourhood trust in China. This is mainly due to structural differences. China has a large proportion of peasants who have very low levels of civic involvement but very high levels of neighbourhood trust. Among the non-peasant population, the two countries have similar levels of class differences in civic (except religious) involvement. There are small class differences in China on neighbourhood trust, but marked effects in Britain. Overall, there is a greater similarity than difference in class effects in both civic engagement and social trust in the two countries. While differences in demographic attributes (and China's specific institutional arrangement, the household registration system, or hukou) account for some of the observed patterns, we also find more pronounced class than demographic effects in the two countries. Class plays a major role in the development of social capital. Keywords: Britain; China; civic engagement; class; hukou; neighbourhood trust Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:59-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Capital and Stratification of Young People File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/106 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.106 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 46-58 Author-Name: Alireza Behtoui Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Migration, Ethnicity and Society (REMESO), Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, 60174 Norrköping, Sweden Department of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, Universitetsvägen 10, 11418 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract: This paper addresses the impact of social capital on the status attainment process of young people at the start of their careers and examines how social class, gender and ethnicity affect the accumulation of social capital and thereby labour market stratification of young people. A sample of young Swedes graduating from vocational schools and universities between 2005 and 2006, was surveyed via the telephone about their experiences acquiring jobs. Two research questions are posed: (i) Which characteristics (class, gender and ethnicity) affect young people's access to more social capital? (ii) How is social capital rewarded in the labour market? The results show that being female, coming from the lower social classes and being a member of a stigmatized immigrant groupare associated with a substantial social capital deficit. When socioeconomic and demographic backgrounds as well as the human capital of respondents are controlled, social capital is positively associated with salary level. The results indicate that social capital is a significant factor in the stratification process of young people. Keywords: education; occupation; social capital; young people Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:46-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Disability and Health: A Research Agenda File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/108 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.108 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 37-45 Author-Name: Hasheem Mannan Author-Workplace-Name: Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Centre for Global Health & School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Author-Name: Malcolm MacLachlan Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Global Health & School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Abstract: Disability is not a 'health problem'; however some people with disabilities do have increased health needs, and all people with disabilities have the same right to access health services as others. The number of people living with disabilities is increasing, due partly to increasing numbers of people living with the consequences of chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases. Based on recommendations of the World Report on Disability, which provides the parameters for research, this paper sets out a research agenda calling for a considerable research programme on social, civil, and economic impacts of living with disability, arising from whatever cause, including communicable and non-communicable diseases; significant global health policy revisions; identification of constraints and facilitators in access to healthcare for people with disabilities; development of a robust evidence base for implementing the new guidelines on community-based rehabilitation; innovations in addressing human resource challenges faced by disability and rehabilitation service-providers; development of enabling technologies that focus on individuals' aspirations and social gain; preparedness for responding to the needs of people with disabilities in disaster situations; and the application of disability metrics to strengthen health systems. Keywords: disability; health metrics; health policy; public health; research agenda Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:37-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The "Idle No More" Movement: Paradoxes of First Nations Inclusion in the Canadian Context File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/107 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.107 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 21-36 Author-Name: Terry Wotherspoon Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0E8, Canada Author-Name: John Hansen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0E8, Canada Abstract: Idle No More, a recent protest movement initiated to draw attention to concerns by Indigenous people and allies about changes in Canada's environment and economic policies, has also raised awareness about social and economic conditions experienced by much of Canada's Indigenous population. While discourses and policies oriented to social inclusion are not as prominent in Canada as in Europe and several other contexts, these conditions and the strategies adopted by governments to address them are consistent with narrowly-framed inclusion policies. We provide an overview of what these conditions represent and how they have come to be framed in the context of the Idle No More movement. However, we extend our analysis to understand how the Idle No More movement and discourses of inclusion and exclusion alike have often been framed in ways that further limit solutions to the problems that they are oriented to resolve by stigmatizing and distancing Indigenous people, especially when they ignore or undermine distinct Indigenous rights and the foundations of formal Aboriginal status. We draw upon Indigenous concepts of justice and critical analyses of power relations in order to explore the contradictory locations and experiences associated with Indigenous inclusion in the Canadian context. We conclude by exploring the movement's contributions to broadened conceptions of inclusion that build upon alternative conceptions of socioeconomic participation and success. Keywords: Indigenous people; social exclusion; social inclusion; social inequality Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:21-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Challenging Racist Violence and Racist Hostility in 'Post-Racial' Times: Research and Action in Leeds, UK, 2006–2012 File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/103 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.103 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 13-20 Author-Name: Ian Law Author-Workplace-Name: School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK Centre for Ethnicity and Racism Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK Author-Name: Jenny Simms Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Ethnicity and Racism Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK Author-Name: Ala Sirriyeh Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social and International Studies, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK Abstract: Despite increasing understanding of, information about and official commitment to challenge these patterns, racist hostility and violence continue to have an enduring presence in urban and rural life in the UK. This indicates the paradoxical nature of this racial crisis and challenges for antiracism as a political project. This paper charts how these issues play out at the local level through an examination of a five year process from problem identification through to research, response, action and aftermath from 2006 to 2012 in the city of Leeds, UK, with a focus on two predominantly white working class social housing estates in the city. We explore how embedded tensions and antagonisms can begin to be challenged, while examining how the contemporary climate of austerity and cuts in services, together with prevailing post-racial thinking, make the likelihood of such concerted action in the UK increasingly remote. Keywords: antiracism; housing; racist harassment Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:13-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Identifying the Barriers to Women's Agency in Domestic Violence: The Tensions between Women's Personal Experiences and Systemic Responses File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/109 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.109 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 3-12 Author-Name: Jo Aldridge Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK Abstract: Despite advances in knowledge and understanding about the impacts of domestic violence on women's lives, global research on violence against women shows there is a need for research that not only places women centre stage in research praxis, but also that involves them more collaboratively in genuine dialogue about their experiences, including their agentic stances. This is especially the case for marginalised and socially excluded women victims of domestic violence, such as those who are not known or do not present to services and who survive abusive relationships alone or with little outside support. Evidence from two studies reported here—secondary analysis of women with severe and enduring mental health problems and a collaborative narrative project with unsupported women victims of domestic violence—suggest that women's capacity for agency are compromised by a number of critical factors, and that these are also reflected in the tensions between micro–macro analyses and understanding of the impact of domestic violence on women. This article considers the barriers to women's agency from the women's perspective and in the context of broader, systemic dynamics, including the denial or obscuring of abuse by governments and states and the consequences of stringent fiscal retrenchment that put women at increased risk of domestic violence. Keywords: agency; domestic violence; gender inequality; resilience Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:3-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Social Inclusion: Inaugural Editorial File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/socialinclusion/article/view/102 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/si.v1i1.102 Journal: Social Inclusion Volume: 1 Year: 2013 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-2 Author-Name: Ulf R. Hedetoft Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, Njalsgade 80, 2300 Copenhagen S., Denmark Abstract: Social inclusion is a concept that we all applaud. Normatively we tend to agree that it is a goal societies should pursue—and it is indeed a social and cultural value that most, if not quite all, societies profess to be based on. Social inclusiveness, cultural cohesion, communal values, a shared identity, mutual recognition, respectful dialogue, peaceful interaction, policies of integration: these are positively charged notions, aims indeed worth subscribing to. Keywords: editorial; social inclusion Handle: RePEc:cog:socinc:v1:y:2013:i:1:p:1-2