Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Book Review: Devolution and Localism in England. By David M. Smith and Enid Wistrich. Farnham: Ashgate, 2014, 122 pp.; ISBN: 978-1-14724-3079-3. File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/209 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i2.209 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 72-74 Author-Name: Øivind Bratberg Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Norway Abstract: Book Review: Devolution and Localism in England. By David M. Smith and Enid Wistrich. Farnham: Ashgate, 2014, 122 pp.; ISBN: 978-1-14724-3079-3. Keywords: Britain; governance; local politics; regionalization Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:72-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Policy Design and Non-Design: Towards a Spectrum of Policy Formulation Types File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/149 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i2.149 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 57-71 Author-Name: Michael Howlett Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University, Canada Author-Name: Ishani Mukherjee Author-Workplace-Name: Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore Abstract: Public policies are the result of efforts made by governments to alter aspects of behaviour—both that of their own agents and of society at large—in order to carry out some end or purpose. They are comprised of arrangements of policy goals and policy means matched through some decision-making process. These policy-making efforts can be more, or less, systematic in attempting to match ends and means in a logical fashion or can result from much less systematic processes. “Policy design” implies a knowledge-based process in which the choice of means or mechanisms through which policy goals are given effect follows a logical process of inference from known or learned relationships between means and outcomes. This includes both design in which means are selected in accordance with experience and knowledge and that in which principles and relationships are incorrectly or only partially articulated or understood. Policy decisions can be careful and deliberate in attempting to best resolve a problem or can be highly contingent and driven by situational logics. Decisions stemming from bargaining or opportunism can also be distinguished from those which result from careful analysis and assessment. This article considers both modes and formulates a spectrum of policy formulation types between “design” and “non-design” which helps clarify the nature of each type and the likelihood of each unfolding. Keywords: non-design; policy design; public policy Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:57-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Problem of Mismatch in Successful Cross-Sectoral Collaboration File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/79 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i2.79 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 43-56 Author-Name: Maritta Soininen Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden Abstract: When facing the challenge of new global employment dynamics and the demand for the creation of economic growth and new jobs, joint cross-sectoral efforts to pool market and public sector resources promise to make the most of the complementary strengths, competencies and perspectives of different actors. The topic addressed here is the impact that management rationale—bureaucratic and entrepreneurial—has on cross-sectoral collaboration, and in particular how a mismatch in goals and norms between sectoral actors and the overall management rationale may affect joint efforts in terms of the capacity to recruit relevant actors and establish sustainable collaboration. The empirical findings, which are based on two cases of cross-sectoral co-operation—the EU programme EQUAL and the Swedish VINNVÄXT programme—suggest that management rationale is an important factor in accounting for success of cross-sectoral initiatives and that a mismatch risks undermining smooth co-operation and thereby policy delivery. Keywords: cross-sectoral collaboration; management rationale; mismatch Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:43-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The AK Party’s Islamic Realist Political Vision: Theory and Practice File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/48 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i2.48 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 28-42 Author-Name: Malik Mufti Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Tufts University, USA Abstract: The currently governing Turkish AK Party’s reformist agenda at home and its increasingly assertive policies abroad, like the “soft” and “hard” power elements of its foreign policy, reflect a remarkable coherence and continuity in the political vision of the party leadership. That vision—a contemporary manifestation (sometimes described as “neo-Ottomanism”) of an older tradition of Islamic realism—is explicated through a detailed analysis of the speeches and writings of the main AK Party leaders, as well as of their opponents within the Islamist movement, and correlated with actual policy practice. It is further suggested that the AK Party’s preoccupation with its traditional secular-nationalist (Kemalist) adversaries has left it unprepared to confront an even more formidable looming challenge: liberalism. Keywords: AK Party; Davutoğlu; democratization; Erdoğan; Gül; Islamic realism; neo-Ottomanism; Turkey Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:28-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Linkages of Electoral Accountability: Empirical Results and Methodological Lessons File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/24 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i2.24 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 13-27 Author-Name: J. S. Maloy Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Oklahoma State University, 700 N. Greenwood, Tulsa, OK 74106, USA Abstract: A basic theory of electoral accountability is widely accepted by academic opinion: voters cause politicians to gain or lose office through periodic elections, thereby influencing policy through the threat of electoral sanction. Empirical studies run the gamut from findings of strong support for this theory, to mixed or conditional support, to weak or negative results. When electoral processes are analyzed in terms of two distinct causal linkages within a three-part chain of accountability, however, positive findings are revealed as weaker than they appear while a compelling trend emerges toward findings ranging from conditional to negative in the last two decades. This trend is visible in three topical areas—economic voting, political corruption, and ideological congruence—and it holds for both presidential and parliamentary regimes as well as for a variety of electoral systems. The new electoral skepticism’s unsettling results and insightful methods may help to improve future research and reform efforts alike. Keywords: accountability; congruence; corruption; economic voting; elections Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:13-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Elements of Effective Program Design: A Two-Level Analysis File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/23 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i2.23 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-12 Author-Name: Michael Howlett Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore Author-Name: Ishani Mukherjee Author-Workplace-Name: Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore Author-Name: Jeremy Rayner Author-Workplace-Name: Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Abstract: Policy and program design is a major theme of contemporary policy research, aimed at improving the understanding of how the processes, methods and tools of policy-making are employed to better formulate effective policies and pro-grams, and to understand the reasons why such designs are not forthcoming. However while many efforts have been made to evaluate policy design, less work has focused on program designs. This article sets out to fill this gap in knowledge of design practices in policy-making. It outlines the nature of the study of policy design with a particular focus on the nature of programs and the lessons derived from empirical experience regarding the conditions that enhance program effectiveness. Keywords: policy design; program design; public policy Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: In Search for Four Roads to Regionalism File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/49 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i1.49 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 1 Pages: 45-46 Author-Name: Monika Kokstaite Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 5, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Abstract: Book Review: Roads to Regionalism: Genesis, Design, and Effects of Regional Organizations. By Tanja A. Börzel, Lukas Goltermann, Mathis Lohaus and Kai Striebinger (Eds.). Burlington, UK: Ashgate, 2012, 294 pp.; ISBN: 978-1-4094-3464-1. Keywords: design; genesis; regional organizations; regionalism Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:1:p:45-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Engaging the Public in Policy Research: Are Community Researchers the Answer? File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/19 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i1.19 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 1 Pages: 32-44 Author-Name: Liz Richardson Author-Workplace-Name: School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK Abstract: A case has been made for engaging the public in scientific research as co-producers of knowledge. These arguments challenge elite models of policy research and suggest the need for an ambitious expansion of more inclusive scientific public policy research. Enabling the public to be meaningfully involved in complex policy research remains a challenge. This paper explores a range of attempts to involving the public in public policy research. It uses a binary framing to typify some key debates and differences in approaches between community-based participatory research, and citizen science. Approaches to community-based participatory research in the social sciences offer a set of engagement principles which are an alternative to an elite model of policy research. Citizen science offers a focus on the use of scientific methods by lay people, but this approach is currently under-utilized in public policy research and could be expanded. How could the strengths of each be more fully integrated and harnessed? A case study of community policy research is presented, in which an attempt was made to use a more fully integrated approach in a local policy context, identifying the potential and challenges. Based on a framework of three features of democratic and scientific policy research, it argues that more public participation in public policy research would be helped by more attention to the strengths of the democratic potential emphasised by participatory community-based research, alongside the potential of scientific robustness em-phasised by citizen science. One conclusion drawn is that a professional and scientific orientation to public policy re-search can be retained without necessarily being professionally dominated. Research methods and skills are tools to which more people outside the profession could have access, if academics facilitate the process of democratization of policy research. Keywords: citizen science; community-based participatory research; policy research; public participation; public policy Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:1:p:32-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Devil’s in the Details: Evaluating the One Person, One Vote Principle in American Politics File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/18 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i1.18 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 1 Pages: 4-31 Author-Name: Jeffrey W. Ladewig Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, University of Connecticut, 365 Fairfield Way, Storrs, CT 06269, USA Author-Name: Seth C. McKee Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Political Science, Texas Tech University , 113 Holden Hall, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA Abstract: Ever since the Supreme Court instituted the one person, one vote principle in congressional elections based on its decision in Wesberry v. Sanders (1964), intrastate deviations from equal district populations have become smaller and smaller after each decennial reapportionment. Relying on equal total population as the standard to meet the Court’s principle, though, has raised some constitutional and practical questions stemming from, most basically, not every person has the right to vote. Specifically, there is considerable deviation between the current redistricting practices and a literal interpretation of this constitutional principle. This study systematically analyzes the differences between districts’ total populations and their voting age populations (VAPs). Further, we consider how congressional reapportionments since 1972 would change if, instead of states’ total populations, the standard for reapportioning seats were based on the VAP or the voting eligible population (VEP). Overall, the results indicate that the debate surrounding the appropriate apportionment and redistricting standard is not just normative, it also has notable practical consequences. Keywords: equal population; malapportionment; reapportionment; redistricting; U.S. House elections; voting eligible population; voting age population Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:1:p:4-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Governing Big Data File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/2 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/pag.v2i1.2 Journal: Politics and Governance Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-3 Author-Name: Andrej J. Zwitter Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Author-Name: Amelia Hadfield Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychology, Politics and Sociology, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK Abstract: 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are created every day through pictures, messages, gps-data, etc. "Big Data" is seen simultaneously as the new Philosophers Stone and Pandora's box: a source of great knowledge and power, but equally, the root of serious problems. Keywords: Big Data; privacy; research Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v2:y:2014:i:1:p:1-3