Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Maritime Justice, Environmental Crime Prevention, and Sustainable Development Goal 14 File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/8768 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/oas.8768 Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 8768 Author-Name: Conor McLaughlin Author-Workplace-Name: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia Author-Name: Sarah Lothian Author-Workplace-Name: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia Author-Name: Jade Lindley Author-Workplace-Name: Law School and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Australia Abstract: SDG 14 “life below water” sets targets for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas, and marine resources, however, it is increasingly evident that its targets are unachievable without strengthened state‐led maritime justice. This article examines the concept of “maritime justice” from an environmental crime perspective and explores the critical link between maritime justice and ocean crime resilience. The article addresses the relationship between maritime justice and SDG 14 and explores various approaches to progress maritime justice in order to better respond to environmental crimes at sea. Keywords: environmental crime; maritime crime; maritime justice; ocean resilience; SDG 14 Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:8768 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Building Successful International Summer Schools to Enhance the Capacity of Marine Early Career Researchers File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/9328 File-Format: text/html DOI: Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 9328 Author-Name: Christopher Cvitanovic Author-Workplace-Name: School of Business, University of New South Wales Canberra, Australia / Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Australia Author-Name: Jessica Blythe Author-Workplace-Name: Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, Canada Author-Name: Ingrid van Putten Author-Workplace-Name: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia / Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Australia / Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands Author-Name: Lisa Maddison Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Australia Author-Name: Laurent Bopp Author-Workplace-Name: LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences & Lettres University, France Author-Name: Steph Brodie Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil Author-Name: Beth A. Fulton Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Australia / Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia Author-Name: Priscila F. M. Lopes Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Romania Author-Name: Gretta Pecl Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Australia / Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Australia Author-Name: Jerneja Penca Author-Workplace-Name: Mediterranean Institute for Environmental Studies, Science and Research Centre Koper, Slovenia Author-Name: U. Rashid Sumaila Author-Workplace-Name: nstitute for the Oceans and Fisheries and the School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Canada / Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, South Africa Abstract: The development of informal science learning programs is a key strategy for supplementing traditional training for early career researchers (ECR). Within the marine sector, there has been a proliferation of international summer schools (a form of informal science learning program) to support ECRs to develop the networks, skills, and attributes needed to tackle ocean sustainability challenges and support the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., collaboration across disciplines, policy engagement, etc.). Yet, there exists very little evidence on the impact generated by such informal science learning programs or the design strategies that can confer their success. This commentary seeks to address this knowledge gap by considering the successful biennial Climate and Ecosystems (ClimEco) marine summer school series that has run since 2008. Specifically, we draw on the perspectives of lecturers and organisers, in combination with a survey of ClimEco participants (? = 38 ECRs) to understand the drivers and motivations of ECRs to attend summer schools, the types of outcomes and impacts that summer schools can have for marine ECRs, and the key factors that led to the successful attainment of these impacts, outcomes, and benefits. In doing so, we develop guidance that would enable global summer school convenors to effectively support the next generation of marine researchers to advance ocean sustainability. Keywords: early career researchers; informal science learning programs; interdisciplinary; ocean sustainability; postgraduate; SDG 14; transdisciplinary Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:9328 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Outliers: Stories of Success in Implementing Sustainable Development Goal 14 File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/9404 File-Format: text/html DOI: Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 9404 Author-Name: Sarah Lothian Author-Workplace-Name: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia Author-Name: Bianca Haas Author-Workplace-Name: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia Abstract: SDG 14 “life below water” aims to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development. As SDG 14 is considered one of the most difficult goals to achieve, for the most part, academic discourse on SDG 14 tends to focus on the negatives. More specifically, the lack of progress, limitations and barriers in achieving its seven targets and three sub‐targets. While the study of the challenges in reaching key targets is critical in understanding the myriad of issues facing the world’s oceans and seas, this thematic issue provides an important opportunity to explore a key question, namely whether we failing to give due recognition to the important work and innovative approaches being undertaken at a local, regional, and global level to implement SDG 14 and improve the health of our coastal and marine environments? This thematic issue provides a platform for showcasing success stories in implementing SDG 14, thereby departing from the usual focus on the negatives. Keywords: informal science learning programs; ocean literacy; plastic pollution; Sustainable Development Goals; SGD 14 Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:9404 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Bringing the Ocean to the Stage: Performing Coastal Values and Marine Management File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/8678 File-Format: text/html DOI: Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 8678 Author-Name: Emma McKinley Author-Workplace-Name: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, UK Author-Name: Erika Hughes Author-Workplace-Name: School of Film, Media and Creative Technologies, Univerity of Portsmouth, UK Author-Name: Stephenie Georgia Author-Workplace-Name: Shetland Arts, UK Author-Name: Cressida Bowyer Author-Workplace-Name: Revolution Plastics Institute, University of Portsmouth, UK Author-Name: Kathryn Fradera Author-Workplace-Name: University of the Highland and Islands Shetland and School of Law, University of Glasgow, UK Author-Name: Alison Fairbrass Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, UK Author-Name: Jonathan Potts Author-Workplace-Name: School of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Portsmouth, UK Abstract: Recent years have witnessed a seemingly constant call for improved understanding of human–ocean relationships, resulting in a “boom” of marine social science research, sometimes framed through the lens of ocean literacy. Defined as having an understanding of your influence on the ocean, and its influence on you, ocean literacy has gained traction in recent years as a way of better understanding the complexities of human–ocean relationships. However, despite this interest in the human dimensions of the ocean, coasts and seas, and a corresponding increase in broader marine social sciences research, qualitative and arts‐based research approaches continue to remain on the periphery of ocean research. This article explores the role of two ocean research “outliers,” intersecting arts‐based practice and marine social sciences through the lens of interconnected performances designed to explore the diverse values held by communities about their marine and coastal environment. Undertaken as part of the Diverse Marine Values project, the performances brought together ocean scientists, coastal and marine managers, and community members to create original performance pieces in Lerwick, Shetland, Scotland, and Portsmouth, England. Drawing heavily on applied theatre practice and scholarship, these distinct but interrelated performances utilised elements of forum theatre, devised theatre, and storytelling to address marine issues important to each respective community, with a view to understanding and fostering ocean literacy. In each location, the performance work illustrated ways in which theatre can serve as not only a tool for science communication, but also a research method to explore a range of ocean literacy dimensions. The performances helped the research team, comprised jointly of specialist theatre practitioners and experts in ocean literacy, coastal management, and plastics pollution to reshape data collection and stakeholder engagement. This collaborative theatre‐making process led to deeper conversations and embedded engagement within each coastal community. It also led to a fundamental reshaping of the questions and approaches that the marine managers and scientists asked of the communities in question. The article presents a discussion of the challenges of bridging these related, but often distant, disciplines, and highlights the role of arts‐based research practice in broader ocean literacy research and discourse. Keywords: human–ocean relationships; marine social science; ocean connection; ocean literacy; performance; science‐art collaboration; social values; theatre Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:8678 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Fear and Loathing on the High Seas: Affective Dimensions of Justice in Kenya’s Piracy Trials File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/8623 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/oas.8623 Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 8623 Author-Name: Brittany VandeBerg Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, USA Author-Name: Harper Cook Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, USA Author-Name: Caden Kilpatrick Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, USA Abstract: Piracy off the coast of Somalia captured international attention in the early 2010s. The regional approach to prosecuting piracy in East Africa required multi‐state participation and involved an array of local and international actors that ultimately reshaped criminal justice systems and understandings of maritime crime. Kenya was the first country in the region to agree to try suspected pirates as part of the UN regional model for prosecuting pirates. As they updated their piracy laws with the assistance of international legal advisors, many of the details concerning who could be tried in Kenyan courts, what constitutes evidence, and the rights that should be afforded to suspected pirates were continuously modified as court proceedings unfolded. Employing an iterative thematic content analysis of piracy trial transcripts obtained from the High Court of Mombasa in Kenya, this study explores how weapons and fear became central components of establishing guilt in piracy prosecutions. Accordingly, it highlights the dynamic relationship between fear, relative plausibility, and maritime justice that constitute the affective dimensions of justice at work in East Africa’s regional piracy prosecution model. Keywords: East Africa; Kenya; maritime justice; piracy prosecution; piracy trials Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:8623 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Exposure to Transnational Maritime Crime in the Pacific Islands Region File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/8459 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/oas.8459 Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 8459 Author-Name: Jade Lindley Author-Workplace-Name: Law School and Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Australia Author-Name: Sarah Lothian Author-Workplace-Name: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Australia Abstract: Although the Pacific Islands are strategically located alongside important trade routes, between the Global North and Global South countries and among plentiful fishing grounds, this region is considered among the lowest risk for land‐based organized crime. Grouped as a uniform region, collectively, the Pacific islands are anything but. The region consists of three ethnogeographic subregions with varying colonial, cultural, and legal legacies. Geographically, the Pacific Island states are remote, with small populations dispersed across many islands, some of which are uninhabited, limiting the ability to adequately surveil and protect this extensive maritime domain, creating porous land and sea borders. These challenges increase the complexity of policing the large exclusive economic zones of the region and therefore increase its vulnerability and potential exposure to various transnational organized crimes on land and at sea. Drawing on Kelling and Wilson’s broken windows theory, this article considers from a theoretical perspective, how international law can be used as a framework to guide Pacific Island states in achieving strengthened, region‐led resilience to transnational maritime crime in the pursuit of maritime justice. Keywords: broken windows theory; maritime justice; Pacific Islands; Small Island Developing States; transnational maritime crime Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:8459 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Maritime Smuggling Project: Challenges Within Collaborative Maritime Policing in The Netherlands File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/8446 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/oas.8446 Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 8446 Author-Name: Mauro Boelens Author-Workplace-Name: Boelens Advies, The Netherlands Author-Name: Yarin Eski Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Political Science and Public Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Author-Name: Danique De Rijk Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Social Sciences, Political Science and Public Administration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract: The Netherlands hosts a significant drug industry involving global crime groups targeting local professionals, such as fishers for drug smuggling, real estate agents for money laundering, and harbor masters for marina access. To raise awareness of potential criminal involvement, various government organizations collaborate within an Organized Crime Field Lab. This approach shifts the focus from repressively apprehending criminals to protecting legal businesses and professionals by enabling the public to inform, detect, and report smuggling activities, and by helping relevant sectors identify and regulate activities that facilitate organized crime. This article examines how maritime policing professionals experience the process, outcomes, and challenges within the Maritime Smuggling Project (MSP) and its contribution to building a more resilient society against criminal involvement. Based on 34 interviews, hybrid observations, and an online questionnaire with MSP participants, the study suggests that maritime criminal justice relies on the idea that a resilient community is less likely to engage in or facilitate criminal maritime activities. However, it also indicates that collaboration in itself is not enough to create an impact on policing. Findings reveal that innovations in criminal justice need open‐ended, long‐term, impact‐focused responses from projects like the MSP, along with maritime professionals willing to adopt new policing methods. Yet, traditional, path‐dependent criminal justice institutions often undermine these innovations by prioritizing immediate, measurable, short‐term results that benefit their organization instead of the overarching goal of preventing maritime crime and societal involvement in it. As a result, even those tasked with developing innovative approaches are limited by institutional constraints and ingrained habits. Keywords: criminal justice; maritime drug smuggling; maritime policing; organized crime Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:8446 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Building Global Momentum Towards Managing Marine Plastic Pollution Through SDG 14 File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/oceanandsociety/article/view/8388 File-Format: text/html DOI: Journal: Ocean and Society Volume: 1 Year: 2024 Number: 8388 Author-Name: Marjo Vierros Author-Workplace-Name: Nippon Foundation Ocean Voices Programme, University of Edinburgh, UK Author-Name: Gemma Nelson Author-Workplace-Name: Nippon Foundation Ocean Voices Programme, University of Edinburgh, UK Author-Name: Mariana Caldeira Author-Workplace-Name: Nippon Foundation Ocean Voices Programme, University of Edinburgh, UK Author-Name: Andrei Polejack Author-Workplace-Name: National Institute for Ocean Research, Brazil Author-Name: Júlia Schütz Veiga Author-Workplace-Name: NOVA IPSI Knowledge Centre, NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal Author-Name: Alumita Talei Sekinairai Author-Workplace-Name: Nippon Foundation Ocean Voices Programme, University of Edinburgh, UK Abstract: Target 1 of SDG 14 on marine pollution has been instrumental in building momentum towards a coordinated response to the plastic pollution crisis facing the world’s ocean. The 2017 UN Ocean Conference saw a record number of registered voluntary commitments related to stemming plastic pollution, from local grassroots action to scientific research, as well as government initiatives limiting single-use plastics. By the time of the second UN Ocean Conference in June 2022, the UN Environment Assembly had, in March 2022, already adopted a resolution to develop by 2025 an international legally binding agreement to end plastic pollution. This international instrument is currently under negotiation and is facing contentious discussions influenced by petroleum interests. However, the very existence of these negotiations is owed to a large degree to the grassroots momentum built through SDG 14 Target 1 and a growing public concern about linkages between plastic pollution and human health and nascent national blue economies. This article will trace the pathway through which SDG 14 voluntary commitments, from local to global, have led by example while building a global sense of urgency to address the plastic pollution crisis. The article will also provide examples of how local communities and governments have experienced and responded to the crisis. Lessons learned from these local examples will be provided to link local measures and priorities to the global level in a way that can inform how the plastic pollution treaty is both negotiated and implemented. Keywords: plastic pollution; Small Island Developing States; SDG 14; UN Ocean Conference Handle: RePEc:cog:ocesoc:v1:y:2024:a:8388