Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Participation in Social Media: Studying Explicit and Implicit Forms of Participation in Communicative Social Networks
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/578
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.578
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 109-117
Author-Name: Mikko Villi
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Author-Name: Janne Matikainen
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Finland
Abstract: The diverse forms of participation in social media raise many methodological and ethical issues that should be acknowledged in research. In this paper, participation in social media is studied by utilising the framework of explicit and implicit participation. The focus is on the communicative and communal aspects of social media. The aim of the paper is to promote the reconsideration of what constitutes participation when online users create connections rather than content. The underlying argument is that research on social media and the development of methods should concentrate more on implicit forms of participation.
Keywords: connectivity; ethics; explicit participation; implicit participation; methods; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:109-117

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: #JeSuisCharlie: Towards a Multi-Method Study of Hybrid Media Events
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/593
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.593
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 97-108
Author-Name: Johanna Sumiala
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Communication, Media and Theatre, University of Tampere, Finland
Author-Name: Minttu Tikka
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Communication, Media and Theatre, University of Tampere, Finland
Author-Name: Jukka Huhtamäki
Author-Workplace-Name: Intelligent Information Systems Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, Finland
Author-Name: Katja Valaskivi
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Communication, Media and Theatre, University of Tampere, Finland
Abstract: This article suggests a new methodological model for the study of hybrid media events with global appeal. This model, developed in the project on the 2015 <em>Charlie Hebdo</em> attacks in Paris, was created specifically for researching digital media—and in particular, Twitter. The article is structured as follows. Firstly, the methodological scope is discussed against the theoretical context, e.g. the theory of media events. In the theoretical discussion, special emphasis is given to i) disruptive, upsetting, or disintegrative media events and hybrid media events and ii) the conditions of today’s heterogeneous and globalised media communication landscape. Secondly, the article introduces a multi-method approach developed for the analysis of hybrid media events. In this model, computational social science—namely, automated content analysis (ACA) and social network analytics (SNA)—are combined with a qualitative approach—specifically, digital ethnography. The article outlines three key phases for research in which the interplay between quantitative and qualitative approaches is played out. In the first phase, preliminary digital ethnography is applied to provide the outline of the event. In the second phase, quantitative social network analytics are applied to construct the digital field for research. In this phase, it is necessary to map a) what is circulating on the websites and b) where this circulation takes place. The third and final phase applies a qualitative approach and digital ethnography to provide a more nuanced, in-depth interpretation of what (substance/content) is circulating and how this material connects with the ‘where’ in the digital landscape, hence constituting links and connections in the hybrid media landscape. In conclusion, the article reflects on how this multi-method approach contributes to understanding the workings of today’s hybrid media events: how they create and maintain symbolic battles over certain imagined constructs of social imaginaries of solidarity, belonging, contestation, and exclusion, a topic of core value for the theory of media events.
Keywords: automated content analysis; Charlie Hebdo; digital ethnography; hybrid media event; social network analytics; Twitter
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:97-108

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Hazy Boundaries: Virtual Communities and Research Ethics
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/576
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.576
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 86-96
Author-Name: Helena Kantanen
Author-Workplace-Name: Business School, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Author-Name: Jyri Manninen
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Abstract: This paper examines ethical issues specific to research into virtual communities. Drawing on an empirical case with online forums of education experts, we identify the following key issues: publicity versus privacy of the community; the definition of human subjects research; participant recruitment; informed consent; and ethical questions associated with observing virtual communities, and with reporting and disseminating research results. We maintain that different research cultures in different countries can present challenges when studying global forums. Acknowledging the ephemeral characteristics of Internet contexts, this paper argues that ethical considerations should be more case-based, instead of relying on one model for all solutions. We suggest that local ethics committees or institutional review boards could, with their expert knowledge of ethics, provide valuable support for researchers operating in the complex and dynamic terrain of Internet research, as well as in fields and research settings where an ethical review is not a standard part of the research process.
Keywords: digital ethics; ethics; ethics committee; institutional review board; Internet research ethics; netnography; online communities; virtual communities
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:86-96

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Facebook’s Emotional Contagion Experiment as a Challenge to Research Ethics
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/579
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.579
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 75-85
Author-Name: Jukka Jouhki
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Author-Name: Epp Lauk
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Author-Name: Maija Penttinen
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Author-Name: Niina Sormanen
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Author-Name: Turo Uskali
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Abstract: This article analyzes the ethical discussion focusing on the Facebook emotional contagion experiment published by the <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> in 2014. The massive-scale experiment manipulated the News Feeds of a large amount of Facebook users and was successful in proving that emotional contagion happens also in online environments. However, the experiment caused ethical concerns within and outside academia mainly for two intertwined reasons, the first revolving around the idea of research as manipulation, and the second focusing on the problematic definition of informed consent. The article concurs with recent research that the era of social media and big data research are posing a significant challenge to research ethics, the practice and views of which are grounded in the pre social media era, and reflect the classical ethical stances of utilitarianism and deontology.
Keywords: Big data; emotional contagion; Facebook; informed consent; manipulation; methodology; privacy; research ethics; social media; user data
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:75-85

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: From Research Ethics to Researching Ethics in an Online Specific Context
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/571
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.571
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 66-74
Author-Name: Sari Östman
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Humanities, University of Turku, Finland
Author-Name: Riikka Turtiainen
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Humanities, University of Turku, Finland
Abstract: Along with the rise of a research field called digital humanities, online specific research ethics plays an especially significant role. Research on the same (Internet related) topic is usually multidisciplinary, and understanding research ethics even inside the same research community may vary essentially. It is important to recognise and pay attention to online specific contexts as well as the researcher’s own disciplinary background. In this empirical research paper, we will first sum up our previous work. Currently, we are working on a model which will help in positioning multidisciplinary researchers as ethical actors based on their research topics and backgrounds. In this article, we will present this model with a demonstration of the empirical data collected as part of a Finnish research project called <em>Citizen Mindscapes</em>, which concerns the cultures and history of Finnish discussion forums. We argue that in Finland, and probably also worldwide, online research ethics is in a phase where the focus should be moving from defining the ethical guidelines to studying research ethics as such. We will also discuss how the model will be further developed in an in-depth empirical process.
Keywords: digital culture; digital humanities; Internet; online specific research ethics; online studies; research ethics
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:66-74

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Issues of Ethics and Methods in Studying Social Media
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/793
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.793
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 63-65
Author-Name: Niina Sormanen
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Author-Name: Epp Lauk
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Abstract: The Editorial raises some challenging ethical and methodological aspects of Internet based research (such as protection of informational privacy, informed consent, general ethical guidelines vs case-based approach), which are further discussed in the five articles of this special issue.
Keywords: ethics; Facebook; Internet based research; participation; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:63-65

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: No Digital “Castles in the Air”: Online Non-Participation and the Radical Left
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/694
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.694
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 53-62
Author-Name: Linus Andersson
Author-Workplace-Name: Media and Communication Studies, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Sweden
Abstract: This article presents results from a study of online presence in activist milieus associated with the radical left in Sweden discussed from a perspective of non-participation. With the aim to further the understanding of digital non-participation as communicative strategy in activism, it builds upon empirical findings and argues that the online practices and use of social media, as could be observed in milieus associated with the radical left, indicates active non-participation and that this, in turn, is related to the ambition to claim autonomy. The article draws from existing scholarship on critical perspectives on protest movements and social media as well as empirical examples of online content published by radical leftist groups. Furthermore, it analyses how these activities could be understood in terms of active and passive non-participation, abstention or adaptation to social media affordances, as well as implosion of the social in digital media. The findings suggest that much of the activities in the material could be described as active non-participation and that this media practice relates to ideological positioning and values in the milieu.
Keywords: activism; digital media; non-participation; online media; radical left
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:53-62

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Free Software Beyond Radical Politics: Negotiations of Creative and Craft Autonomy in Digital Visual Media Production
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/693
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.693
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 43-52
Author-Name: Julia Velkova
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media and Communication Studies, Södertörn University, Sweden
Abstract: Free software development and the technological practices of hackers have been broadly recognised as fundamental for the formation of political cultures that foster democracy in the digital mediascape. This article explores the role of free software in the practices of digital artists, animators and technicians who work in various roles for the contemporary digital visual media industries. Rather than discussing it as a model of organising work, the study conceives free software as a production tool and shows how it becomes a locus of politics about finding material security in flexible capitalism. This politics is ultimately contradictory in that it extends creative and craft autonomy of digital artists but does not mobilise a critical project. Instead, it nurtures further precarious labour. Empirically, the article draws on ethnographically collected material from the media practices of digital artists and programmers who engage with two popular free software production tools, Blender and Synfig.
Keywords: Blender; craft autonomy; F/OSS; media tools; material politics; media industries; open source software; post-Fordism; Synfig
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:43-52

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mediatisation, Marginalisation and Disruption in Australian Indigenous Affairs
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/695
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.695
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 30-42
Author-Name: Kerry McCallum
Author-Workplace-Name: News and Media Research Centre, Faculty of Arts and Design, University of Canberra, Australia
Author-Name: Lisa Waller
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Australia
Author-Name: Tanja Dreher
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Arts, English and Media, Wollongong University, Australia
Abstract: This article considers how changing media practices of minority groups and political and media elites impact on democratic participation in national debates. Taking as its case study the state-sponsored campaign to formally recognise Indigenous people in the Australian constitution, the article examines the interrelationships between political media and Indigenous participatory media—both of which we argue are undergoing seismic transformation. Discussion of constitutional reform has tended to focus on debates occurring in forums of influence such as party politics and news media that privilege the voices of only a few high-profile Indigenous media ‘stars’. Debate has progressed on the assumption that constitutional change needs to be settled by political elites and then explained and ‘sold’ to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Our research on the mediatisation of policymaking has found that in an increasingly media-saturated environment, political leaders and their policy bureaucrats attend to a narrow range of highly publicised voices. But the rapidly changing media environment has disrupted the media-driven <em>Recognise</em> campaign. Vigorous public discussion is increasingly taking place outside the mainstream institutions of media and politics, while social media campaigns emerge in rapid response to government decisions. Drawing on a long tradition in citizens’ media scholarship we argue that the vibrant, diverse and growing Indigenous media sphere in Australia has increased the accessibility of Indigenous voices challenging the scope and substance of the recognition debate. The article concludes on a cautionary note by considering some tensions in the promise of the changing media for Indigenous participation in the national policy conversation.
Keywords: mediatisation; Indigenous constitutional recognition; Indigenous media; participation; political communication
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:30-42

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Energiewende’s Lone Warriors: A Hyperlink Network Analysis of the German Energy Transition Discourse
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/554
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.554
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 18-29
Author-Name: Jonas Kaiser
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, Germany
Author-Name: Markus Rhomberg
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Political and Social Sciences
Zeppelin University Friedrichshafen, Germany
Author-Name: Axel Maireder
Author-Workplace-Name: GfK Austria, Austria
Author-Name: Stephan Schlögl
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of International Development,
University of Vienna, Austria
Abstract: This paper explores the integration of different social fields within the German Energy Transition (Energiewende) discourse in the election year 2013 by analysing the hyperlink structures online. Energiewende describes the fundamental transition from non-renewable energy to sustainable sources. This goal is both ambitious and controversial. Numerous stakeholders try to make their voices and interests heard and as such politics has to both disseminate and collect information in order to include all relevant groups from different social fields in the political process. This discourse is also visible online. By analysing the hyperlink structures we are able to see the attention distribution of different actor groups in the network. This study shows that most actors tend to link within their own social field and do not aim for a more integrated public sphere. Especially political actors appear to be lone warriors who neither look left or right and mostly link within their own party and ignore other actors. Whereas social field as the media or public administration are relevant within the network we find that scientific actors are ignored by all fields, except for their own.
Keywords: energy transition; Energiewende; environment; hyperlink publics; network analysis; online communication
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:18-29

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/692
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.692
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 13-17
Author-Name: Guobin Yang
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, USA, and Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Abstract: Hashtag activism happens when large numbers of postings appear on social media under a common hashtagged word, phrase or sentence with a social or political claim. The temporal unfolding of these mutually connected postings in networked spaces gives them a narrative form and agency. Applying Karlyn Campbell’s propositions about rhetorical agency to the case of #BlackLivesMatter, this essay shows that narrative agency in hashtag activism derives from its narrative form as well as from its contents and social context. Narrative agency is communal, invented, skillful, and protean.
Keywords: #BlackLivesMatter; agency; hashtag activism; narrative
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:13-17

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social Movements and Political Agency in the Digital Age: A Communication Approach
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/691
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.691
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 8-12
Author-Name: Anastasia Kavada
Author-Workplace-Name: Westminster School of Media, Arts and Design, University of Westminster, UK
Abstract: Digital media pose a dual challenge to conventional understandings of political agency. First, digital media destabilize long-held assumptions about the nature of collective action, about social movements and their capacity to effect change. This is because digital media are thought to facilitate more decentralized, dispersed, temporary and individualized forms of political action that subvert the notion of the collective as singular, unified, homogeneous, coherent, and mass. One way of resolving this challenge is to view the collective in looser terms, as a process rather than as a finished product, a conceptualization that can be influence our understanding not only of social movements, but also of other political actors and of society as a whole. Second, digital media highlight the need to take communication seriously in how we conceptualize both collective action and political agency. Placing communication at the centre allows us to develop this looser and more processual understanding of the collective by studying it as a process that is constituted in and through communication. Inspired by organizational communication and particularly the work of Taylor and van Every (2000), this essay proposes a conception of collective action as emerging in conversations and solidified in texts. This conceptualization allows for a more multiplex and variegated view of political agency that takes into account the specific context where agency is exercised and the power that different actors can exert in a communicative process of negotiation, persuasion and claim-making.
Keywords: collective action; communication; digital media; political agency; social media; social movement
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:8-12

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Political Agency at the Digital Crossroads?
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/690
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i4.690
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 4
Pages: 1-7
Author-Name: Anne Kaun
Author-Workplace-Name: Media and Communication Studies, School for Culture and Education, Södertörn University, Sweden
Author-Name: Maria Kyriakidou
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia, UK
Author-Name: Julie Uldam
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication and Arts, Roskilde University, Denmark
Abstract: This thematic issue presents the outcome of the 2015 ECREA Communication and Democracy Section Conference “Political Agency in the Digital Age” that was held at the Copenhagen Business School in Denmark. It problematizes changes in the configurations of political agency in the context of digital media. The articles represent a shift from an exclusive focus on political elites to the interrelation between institutionalised politics and political processes in other societal spheres in the field of media and politics research. Political agency as the main notion of the thematic issue draws attention at the (media) practices through which social actors reproduce, reorganise and challenge politics. At the same time, the issue poses questions about the structures—economic, political and social—that allow for, define and also limit these practices. The contributions gathered here suggest an understanding of agency as constituted through the use of knowledge and resources, themselves embedded within structural contexts; at the same time, agency is transformative of the structures within which it is embedded by making use of knowledge and resources in creative and often radical ways. In that context the development of digital media marks a rupture or critical juncture that allows and requires a rethinking of conditions of political agency. Accordingly the contributions critically scrutinize the role of digital media moving beyond celebratory accounts of democratizing potential of digital media. The rethinking of the grammar of political agency is at the heart of this thematic issue.
Keywords: digital media; media practices; political agency; political participation
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:4:p:1-7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Taming Distraction: The Second Screen Assemblage, Television and the Classroom
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/538
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.538
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 185-198
Author-Name: Markus Stauff
Author-Workplace-Name: Media Studies Department, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract: This article argues that television’s resilience in the current media landscape can best be understood by analyzing its role in a broader quest to organize attention across different media. For quite a while, the mobile phone was considered to be a disturbance both for watching television and for classroom teaching. In recent years, however, strategies have been developed to turn the second screen’s distractive potential into a source for intensified, personalized and social attention. This has consequences for television’s position in a multimedia assemblage: television’s alleged specificities (e.g. liveness) become mouldable features, which are selectively applied to guide the attention of users across different devices and platforms. Television does not end, but some of its traditional features do only persist because of its strategic complementarity with other media; others are re-adapted by new technologies thereby spreading televisual modes of attention across multiple screens. The article delineates the historical development of simultaneous media use as a ‘problematization’—from alternating (and competitive) media use to multitasking and finally complementary use of different media. Additionally, it shows how similar strategies of managing attention are applied in the ‘digital classroom’. While deliberately avoiding to pin down, what television is, the analysis of the problem of attention allows for tracing how old and new media features are constantly reshuffled. This article combines three arguments: (1) the second screen is conceived of as both a danger to attention and a tool to manage attention. (2) To organize attention, the second screen assemblage modulates the specific qualities of television and all the other devices involved. (3) While being a fragile and often inconsistent assemblage, the second screen spreads its dynamics—and especially the problem of attention—far beyond television, e.g. into the realm of teaching.
Keywords: assemblage; economy of attention; e-learning; liveness; second screen; television
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:185-198

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Still ‘Watching’ TV? The Consumption of TV Fiction by Engaged Audiences
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/427
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.427
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 176-184
Author-Name: Alexander Dhoest
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Belgium
Author-Name: Nele Simons
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Design Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
Abstract: There is no denying that television, as a medium and an institution, has drastically changed in the age of digitization and convergence. For audiences, this has not only opened up multiple opportunities to watch television content at other times and on other devices, but also to interact with its cross-media extensions. However, while much has been written about the new opportunities for audience engagement, we do not know much about the actual adoption of new technologies nor the motivations underlying such uses. Therefore, this paper draws on empirical audience research to address the key question: how do viewers engage with contemporary TV fiction? Through empirical audience research, using various qualitative research methods, three different aspects of the reception of cross-media TV fiction will be discussed: (1) how do viewers watch the TV episodes of contemporary TV fiction?, (2) how do viewers engage with the cross-media extensions of TV fiction?, and (3) how do viewers experience the social dimensions of contemporary TV fiction? We focus on a particular group, that of 'engaged' viewers, who are actively involved by personalizing their viewing practices, by communicating about it, by consuming cross-media elements of TV fiction, or producing TV fiction-related content. Our findings suggest that even this group does not make full use of all the available technological opportunities to personalize TV viewing, and that the classical TV text, linear viewing, and the social aspect of viewing remain of key importance.
Keywords: cross-media; Flanders; in-depth interviews; TV fiction; TV viewing
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:176-184

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The End of the Television Archive as We Know It? The National Archive as an Agent of Historical Knowledge in the Convergence Era
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/595
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.595
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 162-175
Author-Name: Berber Hagedoorn
Author-Workplace-Name: Research Centre for Media and Journalism Studies, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
Author-Name: Bas Agterberg
Author-Workplace-Name: Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, The Netherlands
Abstract: Professionals in the television industry are working towards a certain future—rather than end—for the medium based on multi-platform storytelling, as well as multiple screens, distribution channels and streaming platforms. They do so rooted in institutional frameworks where traditional conceptualizations of television still persist. In this context, we reflect on the role of the national television archive as an agent of historical knowledge in the convergence era. Contextualisation and infrastructure function as important preconditions for users of archives to find their way through the enormous amounts of audio-visual material. Specifically, we consider the case of the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, taking a critical stance towards the archive’s practices of contextualisation and preservation of audio-visual footage in the convergence era. To do so, this article considers the impact of online circulation, contextualisation and preservation of audio-visual materials in relation to, first, how media policy complicates the re-use of material, and second, the archive’s use by television professionals and media researchers. This article reflects on the possibilities for and benefits of systematic archiving, developments in web archiving, and accessibility of production and contextual documentation of public broadcasters in the Netherlands. We do so based on an analysis of internal documentation, best practices of archive-based history programmes and their related cross-media practices, as well as media policy documentation. We consider how audio-visual archives should deal with the shift towards multi-platform productions, and argue for both a more systematic archiving of production and contextual documentation in the Netherlands, and for media researchers who draw upon archival resources to show a greater awareness of an archive’s history. In the digital age, even more people are part of the archive’s processes of selection and aggregation, affecting how the past is preserved through audio-visual images.
Keywords: archival footage; broadcasting; convergence; cross-media; digital media; history programming; media policy; online circulation; preservation and contextualization practices; production research documentation
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:162-175

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Digital Media Platforms and the Use of TV Content: Binge Watching and Video-on-Demand in Germany
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/542
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.542
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 154-161
Author-Name: Lothar Mikos
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media Studies, Filmuniversity Babelsberg Konrad Wolf, Germany
Abstract: The advancing digitalization and media convergence demands TV broadcasting companies to adjust their content to various platforms and distribution channels. The internet, as convergent carrier medium, is increasingly taking on a central role for additional media. Classical linear TV is still important, but for some audiences it has been developing from a primary medium to a secondary medium. Owing to the growing melding of classical-linear TV contents with online offerings (e.g. video-on-demand platforms or Web–TV), a great dynamic can be seen which has triggered numerous discussions about the future of TV for some time now. This article will summarize the results of two different audience studies. Film and television shows are meanwhile distributed online via Video-on-Demand platforms such as Netflix or Amazon Prime Video. The first audience study has dealt with the use of VoD-platforms in Germany investigating user rituals, user motivation to watch films and TV shows on these platforms, and the meaning of VoD in everyday life. Most of the participants in this study reported that they mainly watch TV drama series at Netflix or Amazon Prime. Therefore, the second audience study focused the online use of television drama series of individuals and couples elaborating the phenomenon of binge watching. In relating the audience practice to the new structures of the television market the article will shed light on the future of television.
Keywords: audiences; binge watching; convergence; digitalization; television, television culture; television series; video-on-demand
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:154-161

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The End of Television—Again! How TV Is Still Influenced by Cultural Factors in the Age of Digital Intermediaries
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/547
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.547
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 142-153
Author-Name: Gunn Enli
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Norway
Author-Name: Trine Syvertsen
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media and Communication, University of Oslo, Norway
Abstract: This article discusses the impact of convergence and digital intermediaries for television as a medium, industry and political and cultural institution. There is currently widespread debate about the future of television and the impact of technological and market changes. Our argument is that the answer to what is happening to television cannot be adequately addressed on a general level; local and contextual factors are still important, and so is the position and strategic response of existing television institutions in each national context. Based on analyses of political documents, statistics, audience research and media coverage, as well as secondary literature, the article explores the current situation for Norwegian television and point to four contexts that each plays a part in constraining and enabling existing television operators: the European context, the public service context, the welfare state context and the media ecosystem context.
Keywords: convergence; Norway; public service broadcasting; television
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:142-153

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Not Yet the Post-TV Era: Network and MVPD Adaptation to Emergent Distribution Technologies
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/548
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.548
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 131-141
Author-Name: Mike Van Esler
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Film and Media Studies, University of Kansas, USA
Abstract: Television as a medium is in transition. From DVRs, to Netflix, to HBO Now, consumers have never before had such control over how they consume televisual content. The rapid changes to the medium have led to rhetoric heralding the impending “post-TV era.” Looking at the ways that legacy television companies have adapted to new technologies and cultural practices suggests that rather than traditional television going the way of radio, television as a medium is actually not terribly different, at least not enough to conclude that we have entered a new era. Press releases, discursive practices by the news media, corporate structures and investments, and audience research all point to the rhetoric of post-TV as being overblown. By thinking about contemporary television as being in transition, greater emphasis and attention can be placed on the role that major media conglomerates play in developing, funding, and legitimizing new forms of television distribution, in addition to co-opting disruptive technologies and business models while hindering others.
Keywords: convergence; hulu; Netflix; networks; over-the-top; streaming; television
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:131-141

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Re-Locating the Spaces of Television Studies
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/563
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.563
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 123-130
Author-Name: Anna Cristina Pertierra
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Humanities and Communication Arts, Western Sydney University, Australia
Abstract: This paper will extend work originally presented in Pertierra and Turner’s <em>Locating Television </em>(2013) to argue that the reasons for which the demise of television was prematurely assumed can be understood and corrected by critically examining the geopolitics of television scholarship. The spaces from which television has been taken seriously as a topic of investigation have enabled a neglect of empirical and theoretical research that genuinely engages with the ways in which television might be understood as variously surviving, growing, innovating and even leading the current and future global media landscapes. The paper offers two ways in which television scholars might productively re-locate their spheres of concentration to understand the diversity of television worlds today: 1) empirically, it considers the case of the Philippines where broadcast television is successful in ways that could only be dreamed of by television executives in the so-called ‘world centres’ of the global entertainment industry. 2) theoretically, the paper refers to complementary attempts in sociology, literary and cultural studies to offer alternatives to Europe and North America from which scholars might locate the vanguard for modernity, globalization and innovation. It is by engaging with both of these strands in concert—empirically investigating television beyond the ‘usual places’ in such a way that responds to the call of cultural theorists to question our very assumptions about where television studies’ ‘usual places’ should be, that more nuanced understandings, and fewer premature declarations, might be made about what television is, and where it is going.
Keywords: entertainment television; television studies; Philippines; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:123-130

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: “There Will Still Be Television but I Don’t Know What It Will Be Called!”: Narrating the End of Television in Australia and New Zealand
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/561
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.561
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 109-122
Author-Name: Jock Given
Author-Workplace-Name: Swinburne Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Abstract: Australia and New Zealand, like other countries, have unique TV systems and practices that shape the possibilities enabled by emerging technologies, enterprises, behaviors and ideas. This article explores two recent articulations of the concept of television that have motivated ‘end of television’ narratives in the two countries. One is future-oriented – the introduction of online subscription video services from local providers like Fetch TV, Presto, Stan and from March 2015, the international giant Netflix. It draws on a survey of senior people in TV, technology, advertising, production, audience measurement and social media conducted in late 2014 and early 2015. The other is recent history – the switchover from analogue to digital terrestrial television, completed in both countries in December 2013. Digital TV switchover was a global policy implemented in markedly different ways. Television was transformed, though not in the precise ways anticipated. Rather than being in the center of the digital revolution, as the digital TV industry and policy pioneers enthused, broadcast television was, to some extent, overrun by it. The most successful online subscription video service in Australia and New Zealand so far, Netflix, talks up the end of television but serves up a very specific form of it. The article poses a slightly different question to whether or not television is ending: that is, whether, in the post-broadcast, digital era, distinctions between unique TV systems and practices will endure, narrow, dissolve, or morph into new forms of difference.
Keywords: digital switchover; digital television; Netflix; subscription video; SVOD; television; video
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:109-122

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Television in Latin America Is “Everywhere”: Not Dead, Not Dying, but Converging and Thriving
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/592
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.592
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 99-108
Author-Name: Guillermo Orozco
Author-Workplace-Name: Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidade de Guadalajara, Mexico
Author-Name: Toby Miller
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media and Cultural Studies, University of California, USA, School of Arts, Murdoch University, Australia, Escuela de Comunicación Social, Universidad del Norte, Colombia, School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies, Cardiff University, UK, and Institute of Media and Creative Industries, Loughborough University, UK
Abstract: In Latin America, the now-venerable expression “the end of television” itself looks old, tired, and flawed: markets, cultures, politics, and policies alike find television more alive than ever, albeit in its usual state of technological, institutional, and textual flux. Advertising investment in TV continues to increase, governments still use television to promote generalized propaganda as well as their daily agendas, football on screen remains wildly popular, and fiction programs, most notably <em>telenovelas</em>, dominate prime time and draw large audiences aged between 25 and 60. While younger viewers watch television on a wider variety of screens and technologies, and do so at differing times, the discourse of TV remains an important referent in their audiovisual experiences. In addition, across age groups, divides persist between a minority with routine high-quality access to the digital world of technology and information and a majority without alternatives to the traditional audiovisual sphere, for whom cell phones, for instance, are at most devices for communicating with friends and family members. We cannot predict the future of TV in Latin America—but we can say with confidence that the claims for its demise are overstated. Television remains the principal cultural game in town.
Keywords: mestizaje; realismo mágico; televisión; televisual
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:99-108

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Thematic Issue on The End of Television (Not Yet): Editor’s Introduction
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/661
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.661
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 95-98
Author-Name: Milly Buonanno
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication and Social Research, La Sapienza University of Roma, Italy
Abstract: This editorial provides background considerations for challenging the long taken-for-granted narrative of the passing of television in the digital era, thus inviting scholars to re-interrogate the place of the medium in the new technology-saturated environment from perspectives that are not informed by the unquestioned assumption that the age of television is over.
Keywords: broadcasting; change; continuity; digital; microcasting; obsolescence
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:95-98

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Afterword to the Issue “Adolescents in the Digital Age: Effects on Health and Development”
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/659
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.659
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 90-94
Author-Name: Daniel Romer
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Author-Name: Michael Rich
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University, USA
Abstract: The articles in this thematic issue suggest both opportunities and hazards for the health and development of adolescents in the digital age. We place these concerns in the context of improving health for young people in the US and elsewhere, and suggest that based on evidence uncovered to date, increasing digital connection may be having no less favorable than adverse effect on adolescents.
Keywords: adolescents; behavioral health; development; digital communication; mental health
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:90-94

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/536
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.536
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 79-89
Author-Name: M. Kit Delgado
Author-Workplace-Name: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Author-Name: Kathryn J. Wanner
Author-Workplace-Name: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Author-Name: Catherine McDonald
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Abstract: Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in adolescents, and drivers aged 16–19 are the most likely to die in distracted driving crashes. This paper provides an overview of the literature on adolescent cellphone use while driving, focusing on the crash risk, incidence, risk factors for engagement, and the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies. We conclude by discussing promising future approaches to prevent crashes related to cellphone use in adolescents. Handheld manipulation of the phone while driving has been shown to have a 3 to 4-fold increased risk of a near crash or crash, and eye glance duration greater than 2 seconds increases crash risk exponentially. Nearly half of U.S. high school students admit to texting while driving in the last month, but the frequency of use according to vehicle speed and high-risk situations remains unknown. Several risk factors are associated with cell phone use while driving including: parental cellphone use while driving, social norms for quick responses to text messages, and higher levels of temporal discounting. Given the limited effectiveness of current mitigation strategies such as educational campaigns and legal bans, a multi-pronged behavioral and technological approach addressing the above risk factors will be necessary to reduce this dangerous behavior in adolescents.
Keywords: accidents prevention; adolescent; cell phones; distracted driving; text messaging
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:79-89

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cyberbullying, Race/Ethnicity and Mental Health Outcomes: A Review of the Literature
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/525
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.525
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 71-78
Author-Name: Lynne Edwards
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media and Communication Studies, Ursinus College, USA
Author-Name: April Edwards Kontostathis
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Math and Computer Science, Ursinus College, USA
Author-Name: Christina Fisher
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychology, Ursinus College, USA
Abstract: Cyberbullying is a relatively new phenomenon associated with the widespread adoption of various digital communication technologies, including the internet and mobile phones. As of 2013, nearly 20% of youths in grades 9–12 in the US reported being traditionally bullied in face-to-face encounters while almost 15% reported being cyberbullied (Kann et al., 2014). Bullying victimization is associated with a variety of behavioral and psychological effects, from becoming bullies themselves (i.e., bully-victims), to poor academic performance, depression and suicidal ideation (Nansel et al., 2001; Wang, Nansel, &amp; Iannotti, 2011; Willard, 2007). Research on these phenomena has focused primarily on white youth, leaving a void in our understanding of how cyberbullying has affected youth of color. This narrative literature review addresses this oversight by providing an overview of recent cyberbullying research that focuses on Hispanic, Asian and black adolescents (k=15). We found that youth of color appear to be less likely to experience cyberbullying than white youth but they experience suicidal ideation and attempts at about the same rates when they do experience cyberbullying.
Keywords: bullying; cyberbullying, mental health; race; youth
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:71-78

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social Media in the Sexual Lives of African American and Latino Youth: Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Neighborhood
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/524
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.524
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 60-70
Author-Name: Robin Stevens
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Author-Name: Jamie Dunaev
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Childhood Studies, Rutgers University-Camden, USA
Author-Name: Ellen Malven
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Childhood Studies, Rutgers University-Camden, USA
Author-Name: Amy Bleakley
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Author-Name: Shawnika Hull
Author-Workplace-Name: Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, USA
Abstract: There has been significant interest in the role of social media in the lives of adolescents, particularly as it relates to sexual risk. Researchers have focused on understanding usage behaviors, quantifying effects of social media exposure and activity, and using social media to intervene. Much of this work has focused on college students and non-minority youth. In this paper, we examine the growing body of literature around social media use among US minority youth and its intersection with sexual risk behavior. We introduce the concept of the “digital neighborhood” and examine the intersection of social media and sexual health in two domains: 1) sexual content in social media and 2) evidence of social media effects on sexual behavior. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for researchers and practitioners engaging youth of color.
Keywords: African-American; digital neighborhood; health disparities; Latino; sexual health; social media; youth
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:60-70

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Social Media and Alcohol: Summary of Research, Intervention Ideas and Future Study Directions
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/529
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.529
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 50-59
Author-Name: Megan A. Moreno
Author-Workplace-Name: Pediatrics, University of Washington, USA
Author-Name: Jon D’Angelo
Author-Workplace-Name: Communication Arts, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
Author-Name: Jennifer Whitehill
Author-Workplace-Name: Public Health, University of Massachusetts, USA
Abstract: Alcohol content is frequently displayed on social media through both user-generated posts and advertisements. Previous work supports that alcohol content on social media is influential and often associated with offline behaviors for adolescents and young adults. Social media may have a role in future alcohol intervention efforts including identifying those at risk or providing timely prevention messages. Future intervention efforts may benefit from an affordance approach rather than focusing on a single platform.
Keywords: adolescents; alcohol; college students; Facebook; social media; young adults
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:50-59

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Marketing to Youth in the Digital Age: The Promotion of Unhealthy Products and Health Promoting Behaviours on Social Media
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/522
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.522
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 35-49
Author-Name: Sally Dunlop
Author-Workplace-Name: Division of Cancer Screening and Prevention, Cancer Institute New South Wales, Australia, and School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
Author-Name: Becky Freeman
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia, and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Australia
Author-Name: Sandra C. Jones
Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Health and Social Research, Australian Catholic University, Australia
Abstract: The near-ubiquitous use of social media among adolescents and young adults creates opportunities for both corporate brands and health promotion agencies to target and engage with young audiences in unprecedented ways. Traditional media is known to have both a positive and negative influence on youth health behaviours, but the impact of social media is less well understood. This paper first summarises current evidence around adolescents’ exposure to the promotion and marketing of unhealthy products such as energy dense and nutrient poor food and beverages, alcohol, and tobacco on social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. We explore emerging evidence about the extent of exposure to marketing of these harmful products through social media platforms and potential impacts of exposure on adolescent health. Secondly, we present examples of health-promoting social media campaigns aimed at youth, with the purpose of describing innovative campaigns and highlighting lessons learned for creating effective social media interventions. Finally, we suggest implications for policy and practice, and identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research.
Keywords: advertising; alcohol; junk food; social marketing; social media; tobacco; youth
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:35-49

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Role of Parents in Problematic Internet Use among US Adolescents
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/523
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.523
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 24-34
Author-Name: Amy Bleakley
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Author-Name: Morgan Ellithorpe
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Author-Name: Daniel Romer
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Abstract: The internet has transformed the way youth communicate, learn, and network, with implications for their broader social, psychological, and physical health and well-being. With the technological capability of accessing the internet from anywhere, at any time, paired with the enormous variety of internet activities in which youth engage—from social networking to chatting to streaming videos to playing games to watching television content—instances of problematic internet behavior have emerged. We conducted an online national survey of 629 US adolescents ages 12–17 years old and a matching survey of one of their parents. We investigated the relationship between problematic internet behavior and parental monitoring, parental mediation of internet use, and parental estimates of their adolescent’s time spent using computers. Analyses showed that problematic internet use was associated with less parental monitoring and parental mediation and poorer parental relationships. Adolescents that spent a lot of time on the computer were also more likely to engage in problematic internet use. Although we cannot determine the direction of the relationships, results support the important role of parents in adolescents’ problematic internet use.
Keywords: adolescents; computer time; internet addiction; parental mediation; parental monitoring; problematic internet use
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:24-34

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Teens, Health and Technology: A National Survey
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/515
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.515
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 13-23
Author-Name: Ellen Wartella
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, Northwestern University, USA
Author-Name: Vicky Rideout
Author-Workplace-Name: VJR Consulting, USA
Author-Name: Heather Montague
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, Northwestern University, USA
Author-Name: Leanne Beaudoin-Ryan
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, Northwestern University, USA
Author-Name: Alexis Lauricella
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, Northwestern University, USA
Abstract: In the age of digital technology, as teens seem to be constantly connected online, via social media, and through mobile applications, it is no surprise that they increasingly turn to digital media to answer their health questions. This study is the first of its kind to survey a large, nationally-representative sample of teens to investigate how they use the newest digital technologies, including mobile apps, social networking sites, electronic gaming and wearable devices, to explore health topics. The survey covered the types of health topics teens most frequently search for, which technologies they are most likely to use and how they use them, and whether they report having changed their behaviors due to digital health information. In addition, this survey explores how the digital divide continues to impact adolescents. Results of this study indicate that teens are concerned about many health issues, ranging from fitness, sexual activity, drugs, hygiene as well as mental health and stress. As teens virtually always have a digital device at their fingertips, it is clear that public health interventions and informational campaigns must be tailored to reflect the ways that teens currently navigate digital health information and the health challenges that concern them most.
Keywords: adolescents; digital technology; health; information-seeking
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:13-23

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Possible Effects of Internet Use on Cognitive Development in Adolescence
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/516
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.516
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 4-12
Author-Name: Kathryn L. Mills
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA
Abstract: The rise of digital media use and the ability to be in almost constant connection to the Internet has raised a number of concerns about how Internet use could impact cognitive abilities. In particular, parents and policy makers are concerned with how being ‘constantly online’ might disrupt social and cognitive development. This review integrates the latest empirical evidence on Internet use with relevant experimental studies to discuss how online behaviors, and the structure of the online environment, might affect the cognitive development of adolescents. Popular concerns are discussed in light of the reviewed evidence, and remaining gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
Keywords: digital media; multitasking; online; social cognition; social media; social networking
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:4-12

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Introduction to the Issue “Adolescents in the Digital Age: Effects on Health and Development”
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/658
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.658
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 3
Pages: 1-3
Author-Name: Daniel Romer
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Abstract: This thematic issue brings together papers by researchers who are studying the ways that today’s adolescents interact with their peers, families, and the larger media environment in the digital age. The contributors highlight both the challenges and the opportunities that this new age presents for the healthy development of young people.
Keywords: adolescents; digital communication; healthy development; social networking
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:3:p:1-3

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Target Gutahuka: The UN’s Strategic Information Intervention in the Democratic Republic of Congo
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/583
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.583
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 104-119
Author-Name: Jacob Udo-Udo Jacob
Author-Workplace-Name: Communications and Multimedia Design, American University of Nigeria, Nigeria
Abstract: This paper examines the nature and impacts of two information intervention radio programmes broadcast on Radio Okapi—the radio service of the UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A matched randomization technique was used to assign Rwandan Hutus and Congolese autochthons in South Kivu to listen to either of the two programmes within their naturalistic contexts for 13 months. At the end of the treatment, participants’ perceptions of barriers to peace; descriptive and prescriptive interventions; victimhood and villainity; opportunities for personal development and civic engagement; and knowledge of repatriation processes were assessed in 16 focus groups across four contexts. The study concludes that international media intervention programmes that provide robust information and a platform for objective analyses within a multiple narrative and participatory framework can enhance greater engagement with nascent democratic reforms, positive perception of long term opportunities for personal development and empathy with the ethnic Other.
Keywords: demobilisation; dialogue entre Congolais; disarmament; Gutahuka; repatriation
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:104-119

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Mediated Public Diplomacy of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria: The Synergistic Use of Terrorism, Social Media and Branding
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/432
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.432
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 92-103
Author-Name: Jad Melki
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication Arts, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
Author-Name: May Jabado
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of South California, USA
Abstract: This study aims to provide an initial theoretical model for understanding and analyzing the mediated public diplomacy strategy of virtual states. It examines the mediated public diplomacy strategy of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and its ability to synchronize terrorism tactics with communication strategies to gain media access and exposure, push news frames that serve its interests, and target stakeholders with a dual message using sophisticated branding strategies that resonate with cultural values and help it ultimately recruit supporters and deter foes.
Keywords: Arab media; framing terrorism; ISIS; mediated public diplomacy; mediated terrorism
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:92-103

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Toward a Model of Strategic Influence, International Broadcasting, and Global Engagement
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/355
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.355
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 69-91
Author-Name: Kenneth L. Hacker
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication Studies, New Mexico State University, USA
Author-Name: Vanessa R. Mendez
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication Studies, New Mexico State University, USA
Abstract: This article explores how strategic communication, public diplomacy, international governmental broadcasting, and social media networking can be brought together in a system of strategic influence and global engagement. The analysis offers a contrasting approach to various views of public diplomacy or strategic communication which privilege one form of governmental influence over others and treat partial aspects of national persuasion as complete pictures of government communication aimed at foreign audiences. Because so much of public diplomacy literature today emphasizes social media, it is necessary to determine how specific tools of influence such as international broadcasting, can be used in ways that fit new thinking in public diplomacy as well as continuously emerging new media ecologies.
Keywords: international broadcasting; public diplomacy; social media; strategic communication; strategic influence
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:69-91

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Public Diplomacy and the Clash of Satellites
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/385
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.385
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 55-68
Author-Name: Marwa Fikry Abdel Samei
Author-Workplace-Name: Political Science Department, Cairo University, Egypt
Abstract: The communication revolution has shifted the paradigm of diplomacy by emphasizing the role of public diplomacy, at the same time complicating the environment within which state-managed public diplomacy is conducted. The rise of regional media has provided weaker states with opportunities to challenge the monopoly of information on the part of the more powerful states. <em>Al-Hurra</em>, the American sponsored channel to the Arab World, stands as evidence of the challenges facing US policies in this part of the world because of the influential role of regional media. It was particularly <em>Al-Jazeera</em> that transformed the media sphere in the Arab World as well as globally in what became known as “<em>Al-Jazeera</em> effect”. The paper argues that identity presentation plays a major role in determining performance of the public diplomacy of the media.
Keywords: Al-Hurra; Al-Jazeera; communication revolution; counter-hegemonic discourse; Gaza War; hegemony; identity representation; public diplomacy; regional media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:55-68

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Information Asymmetries and Their Challenge to International Broadcasting
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/478
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.478
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 46-54
Author-Name: Monroe Edwin Price
Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, USA
Abstract: Dramatic symmetries in strategies and techniques of persuasion create challenges to the functioning of established actors in the global media ecology, including international broadcasters. This essay articulates an adaptation of the concept of asymmetric warfare to the field of propaganda, persuasion and recruitment. It examines the particular challenge of certain asymmetric entrants, including ISIS and categorizes how the more traditional entities and government institutions react to these new entrants in markets for loyalties.
Keywords: asymmetry; broadcasting; global; journalism; market for loyalties; Russia today
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:46-54

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Introduction to “International Broadcasting and Public Diplomacy in the 21st Century”
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/641
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.641
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 42-45
Author-Name: Gary D. Rawnsley
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth University, UK
Abstract: International broadcasting remains a key activity in public diplomacy. In this Introduction I discuss how international broadcasting has long been associated with the projection of foreign policy interests, from an instrument of empire building in the 1920s and 1930s, through the Cold War and beyond. In particular, the Introduction evaluates how modern Information Communications Technologies, especially the internet and social media, have transformed the way international broadcasting contributes to public diplomacy.
Keywords: broadcasting; Internet; propaganda; public diplomacy; soft power
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:42-45

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Cultural Resiliency and the Rise of Indigenous Media
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/312
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.312
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 38-41
Author-Name: Derek Moscato
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, USA
Abstract: Valerie Alia’s book, <em>The New Media Nation: Indigenous Peoples and Global Communication </em>(New York: Berghahn Books, 2012, 270 pp.), points the way to major communication breakthroughs for traditional communities around the world, in turn fostering a more democratic media discourse. From Canada to Japan, and Australia to Mexico, this ambitious and wide-reaching work examines a broad international movement that at once protects ancient languages and customs but also communicates to audiences across countries, oceans, and political boundaries. The publication is divided roughly into five sections: The emergence of a global vision for Indigenous communities scattered around the world; government policy obstacles and opportunities; lessons from Canada, where Indigenous media efforts have been particularly dynamic; the global surge in television, radio and other technological media advances; and finally the long-term prospects and aspirations for Indigenous media. By laying out such a comprehensive groundwork for the rise of global Indigenous media over a variety of formats, particularly over the past century, Alia shows how recent social media breakthroughs such as the highly successful #IdleNoMore movement—a sustained online protest by Canada’s First Nations peoples—have been in fact inevitable. The world’s Indigenous communities have leveraged media technologies to overcome geographic isolation, to foster new linkages with Indigenous populations globally, and ultimately to mitigate structural power imbalances exacerbated by non-Indigenous media and other institutions.
Keywords: communication; indigenous; first nations; globalization; native American; new media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:38-41

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Dangerous Dancing: A Commentary on Australian Indigenous Communication Futures
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/429
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.429
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 33-37
Author-Name: Michael Hugo Meadows
Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Cultural Research, Griffith University, Australia
Abstract: Indigenous communities in Australia have fought for access to the airwaves, despite resistance from the dominant European population. The uncertainty of the government policymaking process has created challenges for Indigenous media producers in appropriating a range of media technologies to serve Indigenous interests. Indigenous-produced media provides a first level of service to communities across the continent but the struggle to maintain this complex communication system continues.
Keywords: Australia; Indigenous communication; Indigenous media; media policy
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:33-37

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Toward Representational Sovereignty: Rewards and Challenges of Indigenous Media in the A’uwẽ-Xavante Communities of Eténhiritipa-Pimentel Barbosa
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/438
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.438
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 13-32
Author-Name: Laura R. Graham
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
Abstract: Focusing on the communities of Eténhiritipa-Pimentel Barbosa of eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil, this article considers the tremendous shift that has taken place over the last twenty-five years in <em>A’uw</em><em>ẽ-</em>Xavante peoples’ use of audio-visual media to achieve greater representational sovereignty. It discusses the adoption of video in the context of A’uwẽ<em>-</em>Xavante ideologies and gendered patterns of dealing with the outside and their prior use of cassette technology. This case demonstrates that, while the adoption of new media has not proven to be the final assault in a Faustian bargain with modernity, media makers face a number of significant challenges and dilemmas, specifically curating, archiving, and also securing and sustaining financial and technological support. Partnerships and collaborations are essential but their often-precarious nature presents difficulties. Dedication, persistence, creativity and adaptability are assets community members draw upon in responding to challenges. Media makers are increasingly gaining more control and are now training the next generation of youths; young people are using new social media, as well as video and film, to achieve greater representational sovereignty.
Keywords: Brazil; gender; Indigenous media; native Amazonia; A’uwẽ-Xavante
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:13-32

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Media Portrayals of Hashtag Activism: A Framing Analysis of Canada’s #Idlenomore Movement
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/416
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.416
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 3-12
Author-Name: Derek Moscato
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, USA
Abstract: The confluence of activism and social media—legitimized by efforts such as the Arab Spring and Occupy Movements—represents a growing area of mainstream media focus. Using Canada’s #IdleNoMore movement as a case, this study uses framing theory to better understand how traditional media are representing activism borne of social media such as Twitter, and how such activism can ultimately have an impact in political and public policy debates. A qualitative framing analysis is used to identify frames present in media reporting of #IdleNoMore during its first two months by two prominent Canadian publications. Emergent frames show that hashtag activism as a catalyst for a social movement was embraced as a theme by one of the publications, therefore helping to legitimize the role of social media tools such as Twitter. In other frames, both positive and negative depictions of the social movement helped to identify for mainstream audiences both historical grievances and future challenges and opportunities for Canada’s First Nations communities.
Keywords: media framing; online activism; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:3-12

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: The Impact of Media on Traditional Communities
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/648
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i2.648
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 2
Pages: 1-2
Author-Name: Raul Reis
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Florida International University, USA
Abstract: This editorial provides a brief historical overview of research on the impact of media on traditional communities, and introduces the articles featured in this issue.
Keywords: ethnography; indigenous communities; media impact; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:2:p:1-2

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Awareness towards Peace Journalism among Foreign Correspondents in Africa
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/365
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.365
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 80-93
Author-Name: Ylva Rodny-Gumede
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Journalism, Film and Television, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Abstract: Much has been said about the news media’s role in instigating war, conflict and violence. Less attention has been paid to the news media’s role in mitigating conflict. Criticism has been directed towards the ways in which journalists and war correspondents cover conflict with an emphasis on violence, suffering, polarization of the views of main stakeholders, and over-simplification of the underlying causes of conflict. The growing literature and scholarship around Peace Journalism stands as a response to this. In the context of the African continent, further critique has been levelled against frames and narratives of war, conflict and violence grounded in Western epistemologies and dominant discourses of African conflicts and stakeholders. Based on data collected from interviews with a selected group of journalists working on—and covering—the African continent, the article assesses awareness towards alternative narratives and news frames, as well as attitudes towards alternative practices and models for journalism. Particular attention is paid to ideas and responses regarding Peace Journalism as an alternative model for reporting.
Keywords: Africa; foreign reporting; Peace Journalism; war journalism
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:80-93

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Building Peace through Journalism in the Social/Alternate Media
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/371
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.371
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 63-79
Author-Name: Rukhsana Aslam
Author-Workplace-Name: Pacific Media Centre, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
Abstract: Social media networks are rapidly rewriting the traditional principles and protocols of war and conflict reporting. This paper endorses the argument that with the help of new media technologies, journalists can enhance the peacebuilding efforts in societies and communities. Their writings in the alternate media can provide ‘compelling form of engagement’ between the audiences and the people affected in the areas of violent conflict. But, the paper further argues, this requires a broadening of the orthodox model of journalistic objectivity that has so far been in place. It examines the possibilities of new models in the light of the existing journalism paradigms as argued by scholars including Galtung and Ruge (1965), Lynch and McGoldrick (2005), Shinar (2007), Hackett (2011) and Shaw (2011). It concludes on the need to have a model that is ‘a more natural fit’ for the 21st century by giving journalists the ‘flexibility’ to enable people to make their own judgments as to where the truth lies; and to open up the possibilities for dialogue and engagement in conflict resolution.
Keywords: alternate media; challenger paradigm; conflict resolution; new journalism models; peacebuilding; peace journalism; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:63-79

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: EU Armed Forces’ Use of Social Media in Areas of Deployment
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/336
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.336
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 51-62
Author-Name: Maria Hellman
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership, Swedish Defense University, Sweden
Author-Name: Eva-Karin Olsson
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership, Swedish Defense University, Sweden
Author-Name: Charlotte Wagnsson
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Security, Strategy and Leadership, Swedish Defense University, Sweden
Abstract: The advent of social media can be seen both as a risk and an opportunity by armed forces. Previous research has primarily examined whether or not the use of social media endangers or strengthens armed forces’ strategic narrative. We examine armed forces’ perceptions of risks and opportunities on a broad basis, with a particular focus on areas of deployment. The article is based on a survey of perceptions of social media amongst the armed forces of EU member states, thus adding to previous research through its comparative perspective. Whereas previous research has mainly focused on larger powers, such as the US and the UK, this article includes the views of the armed forces of 26 EU states, including several smaller nations. In analyzing the results we asked whether or not risk and opportunity perceptions were related to national ICT maturity and the existence of a social media strategy. The analysis shows that perceptions of opportunities outweigh perceptions of risks, with marketing and two-way communication as the two most prominent opportunities offered by the use of social media. Also, armed forces in countries with a moderate to high ICT maturity emphasize social media as a good way for marketing purposes.
Keywords: armed forces; EU; international deployments; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:51-62

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools: Escaping the Control of the Syrian Regime
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/357
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.357
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 39-50
Author-Name: Walid Al-Saqaf
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media Studies, Örebro University, Sweden
Abstract: Studies have shown that authoritarian regimes tend to censor the media to limit potential threats to the status quo. While such censorship practices were traditionally aimed at broadcast and print media, the emergence of the Internet and social media in particular, prompted some authoritarian regimes, such as the Assad regime in Syria, to try and exert a similar level of censorship on the Internet as well. During the Arab Spring, the Syrian regime blocked hundreds of websites that provided social networking, news, and other services. Taking Syria as a case study, this paper examines whether Internet censorship succeeded in preventing Internet users from reaching censored online content during 2010−2012. By analyzing the use of Alkasir, a censorship circumvention tool created by the author, the paper provides empirical evidence demonstrating that users were in fact able to bypass censorship and access blocked websites. The findings demonstrate that censorship circumvention tools constituted a threat to the information control systems of authoritarian regimes, highlighting the potential of such tools to promote online freedom of expression in countries where Internet censorship is prevalent.
Keywords: Alkasir; Arab Spring; conflict; democracy; freedom of expression; Internet censorship circumvention; Syria
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:39-50

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Fields and Facebook: Ta’ayush’s Grassroots Activism and Archiving the Peace that Will Have Come in Israel/Palestine
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/390
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.390
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 27-38
Author-Name: Jon Simons
Author-Workplace-Name: Media School, Indiana University, USA
Abstract: Israeli peace activism has increasingly taken place on new media, as in the case of the grassroots anti-Occupation group, <em>Ta’ayush</em>. What is the significance of <em>Ta’ayush</em>’s work on the ground and online for peace? This article considers the former in the light of social movement scholarship on peacebuilding, and the latter in light of new media scholarship on social movements. Each of those approaches suggest that <em>Ta’ayush</em> has very limited success in achieving its strategic goals or generating outrage about the Occupation in the virtual/public sphere. Yet, <em>Ta’ayush’s </em>apparent “failure” according to standard criteria of success misses the significance of <em>Ta’ayush’</em>s work. Its combination of grassroots activism and online documentation of its work in confronting the Occupation in partnership with Palestinians has assembled an impressive archive. Through the lens of Walter Benjamin’s philosophy of history, <em>Ta’ayush</em> can be seen to enact a “future perfect” peace that will have come.
Keywords: archive; Israel; media activism; new media; Palestine; peace activism; social media; Ta’ayush; Umm el-Arayes; Walter Benjamin
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:27-38

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: “Likes” for Peace: Can Facebook Promote Dialogue in the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict?
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/298
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.298
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 15-26
Author-Name: Yifat Mor
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Author-Name: Yiftach Ron
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Author-Name: Ifat Maoz
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Abstract: This study examines the ways in which social media is used to promote intergroup dialogue and reconciliation in the context of the protracted, ethnopolitical conflict between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians. We focus on content analysis of posts and comments on a Facebook page named “Tweeting Arabs” which was established and is administered by Palestinian citizens of Israel. This page states that its’ main goal is to publicize opinions, thoughts and beliefs of Palestinians, enabling the moderate voice to be heard and encouraging dialogue between Israeli-Jews and Palestinians. The analysis is based on a data set containing posts and comments collected from “Tweeting Arabs” since the page was founded in November 8th 2014 and until December 4th 2014. This data set contains 85 posts which gained a total of 9657 “likes”, and 461 “shares”, as well as 3565 comments and replies to these posts. Our findings reveal that while posts that presented the narrative of Palestinian suffering were mostly followed by negative comments from Israeli-Jews, posts that brought up the Palestinian moderate and peace seeking voice elicited higher Jewish–Israeli acceptance and sympathy. The research adds to our understanding of Facebook as a dialogue provoking platform that enables users from different ethnopolitical groups in divided and conflicted societies to perform peacebuilding actions.
Keywords: contact theory; intergroup dialogue; narrative model; peacebuilding; reconciliation; social media
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:15-26

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Elicitive Conflict Transformation and New Media: In Search for a Common Ground
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/358
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.358
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 4-14
Author-Name: Wolfgang Suetzl
Author-Workplace-Name: School of Media Arts and Studies, Ohio University, Athens, USA
Abstract: Advocates of elicitive conflict transformation (ECT) maintain that the parties to a conflict are the most important resource in efforts to render that conflict less violent. According to them, the transformation of the conflict is immanent to the conflict itself. The claim of ECT theorists is that classical conflict resolution has mostly aimed at overcoming a conflict by means of neutral mediation, while conflict transformation is not primarily concerned with terminating a conflict and considers the conflict worker as part of the conflict system. Although ECT is a communication-based model of conflict management and relies on human media, its media-theoretical aspects are not made explicit, raising the question of what role technological media play in the communicative processes that make up ECT techniques. Through an examination of the claimed differences between conflict resolution and conflict transformation, and focusing on the common roots of new media and the elicitive model in systems and cybernetic theory, this paper asks whether any peacebuilding potential of new media could be found in a specific anti-propagandistic quality of distributed technological media. It concludes by looking at any such potential in social media.
Keywords: conflict resolution; elicitive conflict transformation; new media theory; peace media; peacebuilding
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:4-14

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Title: Peacebuilding in the Age of New Media
File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/559
File-Format: text/html
DOI: 10.17645/mac.v4i1.559
Journal: Media and Communication
Volume: 4
Year: 2016
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-3
Author-Name: Vladimir Bratic
Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication Studies, Hollins University, USA
Abstract: This editorial provides the historical context for the current state of peacebuilding media and introduces the articles featured in the issue.
Keywords: conflict; Internet; mass media; new media; peacebuilding; social media; traditional media, war
Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v4:y:2016:i:1:p:1-3