Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Problem of Realist Events in American Journalism File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/159 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i2.159 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 84-95 Author-Name: Kevin G. Barnhurst Author-Workplace-Name: School of Media and Communication, University of Leeds, UK Abstract: Since the nineteenth century, more kinds of news outlets and ways of presenting news grew along with telegraphic, telephonic, and digital communications, leading journalists, policymakers, and critics to assume that more events became available than ever before. Attentive audiences say in surveys that they feel overloaded with information, and journalists tend to agree. Although news seems to have become more focused on events, several studies analyzing U.S. news content for the past century and a half show that journalists have been including fewer events within their coverage. In newspapers the events in stories declined over the twentieth century, and national newscasts decreased the share of event coverage since 1968 on television and since 1980 on public radio. Mainstream news websites continued the trend through the 2000s. Instead of providing access to more of the “what”, journalists moved from event-centered to meaning-centered news, still claiming to give a factual account in their stories, built on a foundation of American realism. As journalists concentrated on fewer and bigger events to compete, audiences turned away from mainstream news to look for what seems like an abundance of events in digital media. Keywords: content analysis; cultural critique; five Ws; history; journalism; media studies; news; realism; social constructionism Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:84-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Impact of Social Media on Power Relations of Korean Health Activism File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/7 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i2.7 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 72-83 Author-Name: KyuJin Shim Author-Workplace-Name: Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, 50 Stamford Road, Singapore 178899, Singapore Abstract: This case study explores how the Korea Leukemia Patient Group (KLPG) uses social media in its internal communication strategy and how that empowers its relationship with external counterparts. This study’s findings indicate that the communication strategy of the local health Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) is changing in response to the increased effectiveness and impact of social media. Using social media (e.g., Twitter) the KLPG can quickly and effectively construct an issue-based advocacy group. Consequently, more legitimacy and representativeness through collected support from the general public have further empowered the KLPG. Yet, the sustainability component in the relationships built through social media use was not evidenced in the current findings. The effects of social media use were analyzed based on data from interviews with top-level KLPG executive members and general members, and from documentation and archival materials. Limitations and suggestions for future research are included. Keywords: e-mobilization; health communication; Korean health activism; NGO communication; patient activism; social media Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:72-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: The Nanking Atrocity: Still and Moving Images 1937–1944 File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/145 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i2.145 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 55-71 Author-Name: Gary Evans Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada Abstract: This manuscript investigates the facts of publication of the images of the Nanking Atrocity (December 1937–January 1938) in LIFE and LOOK magazines, two widely read United States publications, as well as the Nanking atrocity film clips that circulated to millions more in American and Canadian newsreels some years later. The publishers of these images were continuing the art of manipulation of public opinion through multimodal visual media, aiming them especially at the less educated mass public. The text attempts to describe these brutal images in their historical context. Viewing and understanding the underlying racial context and emotive impact of these images may be useful adjuncts to future students of World War II. If it is difficult to assert how much these severe images changed public opinion, one can appreciate how the emerging visual culture was transforming the way that modern societies communicate with and direct their citizens' thoughts. Keywords: Nanking Atrocity; impact of still and moving images Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:55-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Between Objectivity and Openness—The Mediality of Data for Journalism File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/128 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i2.128 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 42-54 Author-Name: Frédérik Lesage Author-Workplace-Name: School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, Canada Author-Name: Robert A. Hackett Author-Workplace-Name: School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, Canada Abstract: A number of recent high profile news events have emphasised the importance of data as a journalistic resource. But with no definitive definition for what constitutes data in journalism, it is difficult to determine what the implications of collecting, analysing, and disseminating data are for journalism, particularly in terms of objectivity in journalism. Drawing selectively from theories of mediation and research in journalism studies we critically examine how data is incorporated into journalistic practice. In the first half of the paper, we argue that data's value for journalism is constructed through mediatic dimensions that unevenly evoke different socio-technical contexts including scientific research and computing. We develop three key dimensions related to data's mediality within journalism: the problem of scale, transparency work, and the provision of access to data as 'openness'. Having developed this first approach, we turn to a journalism studies perspective of journalism's longstanding "regime of objectivity", a regime that encompasses interacting news production practices, epistemological assumptions, and institutional arrangements, in order to consider how data is incorporated into journalism's own established procedures for producing objectivity. At first sight, working with data promises to challenge the regime, in part by taking a more conventionalist or interpretivist epistemological position with regard to the representation of truth. However, we argue that how journalists and other actors choose to work with data may in some ways deepen the regime's epistemological stance. We conclude by outlining a set of questions for future research into the relationship between data, objectivity and journalism. Keywords: data; data journalism; mediality; regime of objectivity Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:42-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Violence in Popular U.S. Prime Time TV Dramas and the Cultivation of Fear: A Time Series Analysis File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/8 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i2.8 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 31-41 Author-Name: Daniel Romer Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, 202 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Author-Name: Patrick Jamieson Author-Workplace-Name: Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, 202 S. 36th St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Abstract: Gerbner and Gross’s cultivation theory predicts that prolonged exposure to TV violence creates fear of crime, symptomatic of a mean world syndrome. We tested the theory’s prediction in a time series model with annual changes in violence portrayal on popular US TV shows from 1972 to 2010 as a predictor of changes in public perceptions of local crime rates and fear of crime. We found that contrary to the prediction that TV violence would affect perceptions of crime rates, TV violence directly predicted fear of crime holding constant national crime rates and perceptions of crime rates. National crime rates predicted fear of crime but only as mediated by perceptions of local crime rates. The findings support an interpretation of cultivation theory that TV drama transports viewers into a fictive world that creates fear of crime but without changing perceptions of a mean world. Keywords: content analysis; crime; cultivation theory; fear; transportation theory; TV violence Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:31-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Predicting Social Networking Site Use and Online Communication Practices among Adolescents: The Role of Access and Device Ownership File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/122 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i2.122 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 2 Pages: 1-30 Author-Name: Drew P. Cingel Author-Workplace-Name: Center on Media and Human Development, Northwestern University, 2147 Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA Author-Name: Alexis R. Lauricella Author-Workplace-Name: Center on Media and Human Development, Northwestern University, 2147 Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA Author-Name: Ellen Wartella Author-Workplace-Name: Center on Media and Human Development, Northwestern University, 2147 Frances Searle Building, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA Author-Name: Annie Conway Author-Workplace-Name: Chicago Architecture Foundation, 224 South Michigan Ave, Chicago, IL 60604, USA Abstract: Given adolescents' heavy social media use, this study examined a number of predictors of adolescent social media use, as well as predictors of online communication practices. Using data collected from a national sample of 467 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17, results indicate that demographics, technology access, and technology ownership are related to social media use and communication practices. Specifically, females log onto and use more constructive com-munication practices on Facebook compared to males. Additionally, adolescents who own smartphones engage in more constructive online communication practices than those who share regular cell phones or those who do not have access to a cell phone. Overall, results imply that ownership of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and iPads, may be more predictive of social networking site use and online communication practices than general ownership of technology. Keywords: adolescents; cell phones; demographics; Facebook; Internet-capable mobile devices; online communication practices; predictors; social networking sites Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:2:p:1-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Documentary and Cognitive Theory: Narrative, Emotion and Memory File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/17 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i1.17 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 1 Pages: 13-22 Author-Name: Ib Bondebjerg Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Media, Cognition and Communication, University of Copenhagen, Karen Blixens Vej 4, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Abstract: This article deals with the benefits of using cognitive theory in documentary film studies. The article deals with general aspects of cognitive theory in humanities and social science, however the main focus is on the role of narrative, visual style and emotional dimensions of different types of documentaries. Dealing with cognitive theories of film and media and with memory studies, the article analyses how a cognitive approach to documentaries can increase our understanding of how documentaries influence us on a cognitive and emotional level and contribute to the forming of our social and cultural imagination. The article analyses case studies of documentaries dealing with climate change and the environment and documentaries dealing with social history. Keywords: cognitive theory; documentary and climate change; documentary genres; emotions; historical documentary; memory; narrative; social and cultural imagination Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:1:p:13-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: Card Stories on YouTube: A New Frame for Online Self-Disclosure File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/16 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i1.16 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 1 Pages: 2-12 Author-Name: Sabina Misoch Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Sociology, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland Abstract: This paper deals with the phenomenon of so-called (note) card stories on YouTube. Card stories can be described as self-disclosing videos or confessions, using a new frame for telling one’s own story audio-visually to the public by combining ‘old’ (hand-written messages) and ‘new’ media (video, computer mediated communication). In 2012/13, a qualitative and exploratory study with a sample of 25 card story videos on YouTube was conducted. The content and visual analysis revealed (1) that these videos are bound to a very specific frame of presentation, (2) that they deal with specific topics, and (3) that the presenter does not remain (visually) anonymous. These findings question previous research results that stressed a strong correlation between online self-disclosure and (visual) anonymity; further, the findings show that this special frame of textual confessions via video supports deep self-disclosures. Keywords: anonymity; card story; computer-mediated communication; frame; self-disclosure; video; YouTube Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:1:p:2-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Title: In Memoriam: Hannes Haas File-URL: https://www.cogitatiopress.com/mediaandcommunication/article/view/45 File-Format: text/html DOI: 10.17645/mac.v2i1.45 Journal: Media and Communication Volume: 2 Year: 2014 Issue: 1 Pages: 1 Author-Name: Elisabeth Klaus Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Communication, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Author-Name: Bradley S. Greenberg Author-Workplace-Name: College of Communication Arts & Sciences, Michigan State University, Michigan 48824, USA Author-Name: António Vieira Author-Workplace-Name: Media and Communication, Cogitatio Press, Rua Fialho de Almeida 14, 2º Esq., 1070-129 Lisbon, Portugal Abstract: Regrettably, we announce the sudden death of Prof. Dr. Hannes Haas (aged 57), after a brief illness on March 20th, 2014. Hannes Haas, Editor-in-Chief of Media and Communication, was a Professor at the Institute of Communication Research at the University of Vienna and, alongside a throng of other roles, he served as head of the Institute from 2006–2010. Keywords: Editor-in-Chief; Hannes Haas; In Memoriam Handle: RePEc:cog:meanco:v2:y:2014:i:1:p:1